月是故乡明——阿拉善蒙古族主体部落纪事

17世纪末，在阿拉善高原的居延绿洲与遥远的伏尔加河之间，发生了这样一个回肠荡气的历史故事。     

阿拉善荒漠区5种锦鸡儿属植物花粉形态研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM),对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区5种锦鸡儿属(CaraganaFabr.)植物的花粉形态进行了详细的观察描述。掌握了5种锦鸡儿属植物花粉粒在扫描电镜水平上的形状、结构、大小、表面纹饰、萌发器官的类型及数量等形态特征。为我国干旱、半干旱地区的生态建设、环境保护、植物分类及遗传育种等相关研究提供了可靠的孢粉学参考,并具有重要的科学价值。     

阿拉善高原土地砾化特征及监测指标北大核心CSCD

探究阿拉善高原土地砾化地区的地表砾石覆盖度(G_(c)),单位面积地表砾石质量(G_(m)),0~5 cm、5~10 cm土层深度的砾石质量含量[G_(mc)(0~5 cm)、G_(mc)(5~10 cm)]特征及其相关关系,为其砾化土地的监测与评估奠定指标基础。野外采集阿拉善高原土地砾化地区的砾石样品,测定其G_(c)、G_(m)、G_(mc)(0~5 cm)和G_(mc)(5~10 cm)。通过单因素方差分析、邓肯多重比较、一元线性回归和相关性分析,探究阿拉善高原的土地砾化特征。结果表明:(1)阿拉善高原各样地总的G_(c)(G_(m))的平均值为39.49%(3544.04 g·m^(-2))。(2)粒径为4~8 mm和8~16 mm的G_(c)(G_(m))要显著高于其他粒径的G_(c)(G_(m))(P<0.05),且粒径为4~8 mm的G_(c)(G_(m))变异系数最小,最为稳定。(3)阿拉善高原各样地在空间分布格局上呈现出G_(c)和G_(m)由东向西、由南向北逐渐增大的分布规律。(4)不同粒径(总)的G_(m)和G_(c)均呈极显著的一元线性回归关系(P<0.01),G_(m)也可以很好的评价土地砾化程度。并根据G_(c)的砾化程度分级阈值确定了相应的G_(m)的砾化程度分级阈值。(5)除2~4 mm和>32 mm的粒径外,其他粒径的G_(c)、G_(m)与0~5 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性要明显大于与5~10 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性,总的G_(c)、G_(m)与0~5 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性要明显大于与5~10 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性。(6)确定了砾化土地类型之一的戈壁地表砾石覆盖度阈值为25%。研究结果可为阿拉善高原和其他区域砾化土地的监测和评估奠定指标基础。     

Harmful and economic thresholds for rodent pests in the Alxa desert area under different grassland utilization patterns北大核心CSCD

The rodent damage threshold and the rodent economic threshold are indicators that must be clearly defined in the practice of grassland rodent prevention and control. Different grassland types or different utilization methods of the same grassland type have completely different values for these two indicators. The damage threshold is the population density of pests at which the grassland is obviously compromised, and the economic threshold is the population density at which further pest population increases will cause economic losses. The Alxa desert region is ecologically fragile, and rodents are endemic. This study selected continuous grazing areas and prohibited grazing areas in the desert area of Alxa Left Banner and from 2015 to 2019 to investigated the species and density of pests using the ‘mark and recapture’ method, together with sampling to investigate the aboveground plant biomass in the sample area in August. The measured rodent unit densities and their daily food intakes were used to estimate the amount of forage loss, and a regression equation was used to obtain a fitted relationship between the rodent density and the ratio of forage loss. It was found that: 1) The fitted curves for the ratio of pest density and forage loss in the continuous and prohibited grazing areas took the form of logistic three-parameter, S-shaped curves. 2) According to the regression equation, the damage threshold in continuous grazing areas was 26 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 39.3 standard rodent units·ha-1. In prohibited grazing areas, the damage threshold was 33.2 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 30.2 standard rodent units·ha-1. Thus, the economic threshold pest density of continuous grazing areas was slightly higher than that of prohibiting grazing areas. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区55种牧草的还原糖,蔗糖,总糖含量的分析研究

本文对内蒙古阿拉善盟额济纳旗境内的55种牧草的还原糖、蔗糖、总糖含量进行了分析研究。采用金氏(King)定糖法和Roe比色法,测得其还原糖含量最高的是麻黄,最低的是细枝盐爪爪;蔗糖含量最高的是蒙古莸,最低的是细枝盐爪爪;总糖含量最高的是白草,最低的是骆驼蹄瓣。含6种以上牧草的科有5个科,经统计分析,分科总糖含量最高的为禾本科,最低的为(?)科。     

阿拉善的绿色变迁

因为沙尘暴,北京人知道了一个地方：内蒙古西部的阿拉善。1993年的一场沙尘暴,将世界的目光聚焦到＂沙尘暴之源＂阿拉善。近10多年来,阿拉善沙尘暴一直备受各方瞩目,只要沙尘一起,人们就会想到阿拉善。     

阿拉善高原干旱灾害分析与防御对策

干旱是阿拉善高原最主要的气象灾害之一。通过对近50年来阿拉善高原干旱灾害的现状和成因进行分析,可知春夏季是干旱灾害的易发时段,西北部是干旱灾害的重点防御区域。根据气候变化预测模型分析出未来阿拉善气候变化趋势是:21世纪的前30年以干旱为主,后30年年降水量将增加30 mm左右。建议按照安全第一、常备不懈、以防为主、全力抢险的工作方针,坚持科学防旱,采取工程措施与非工程措施并重的旱灾防御对策。     

阿拉善高原频发沙尘暴因素分析

阿拉善高原是几条强冷空气的主要交汇处,冷空气活动频繁,干旱荒漠区风的作用十分强烈,年大风日数西北部多达50~100d,东南部较少,也达15~30d。阿拉善高原上的尘源物质丰富,有流动沙丘79928km2,半固定沙丘13113km2,粉粒含量在1.18%-2.00%。阿拉善高原有11个干旱湖盆,总面积达10581.3km2。粉粒平均含量达到63.08%。人类活动对沙尘暴加强作用主要表现在三个方面:不合理用水导致湖泊萎缩,形成干旱湖盆;破坏地表植被及土体结构;采矿业增加工业粉尘。     

阿拉善经济开发区水土保持分区及其植物措施研究

阿拉善属于我国水土流失比较严重的地区,尤其以风蚀为主。本文以阿拉善经济开发区为对象,研究防治当地土壤侵蚀的水土保持植物措施。根据立地类型,结合地形、土壤、植被、水分等条件,将研究区分为6水土保持分区。同时选取耐干旱、耐贫瘠和耐风沙的植物种,作为水土保持优选草树种。分别不同区域进行水土保持措施的布设,为当地水土保持工作的开展提供科学依据。     

阿拉善荒漠一年生植物种子萌发特性及生态适应性分析

对阿拉善荒漠地区主要的一年生植物种子萌发特性和生态适应进行了测定和分析,结果表明:三芒草(Aristida adscenionis)、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)的种子当年萌发率较高,均超过70%,干、冷藏处理过冬后的萌发率略有下降,但仍超过60%;狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、冠芒草(Pappophorum boreale)种子当年萌发率均在15%以下,狗尾草干藏处理后萌发率下降、虎尾草、冠芒草种子干冷藏处理后,萌发率大幅度上升,表现明显的休眠后熟现象;小画眉草(Eragrostis minor)种子当年萌发率接近30%,但处理后萌发率几乎降至0;虫实(Corispermum declinatum)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)种子各种处理的萌发率都在15%以下,特别是灰绿藜种子当年不萌发。与草原区相比,荒漠区一年生植物种子萌发率偏低,萌发进程较缓慢,表现出对荒漠气候的适应性。