可见植入荧光标记和微金属线码标记标志拉萨裂腹鱼的研究

[目的]研究不同标记方法对拉萨裂腹鱼的标记效果,为其增殖放流与效果评估提供技术支撑。[方法]分别采用可见植入荧光标记(VIE)、微金属线码标记(CWT)和空白对照处理对拉萨裂腹鱼幼鱼(5~7 cm)进行为期40 d的标志试验,研究不同标记方法对拉萨裂腹鱼的标记效果。[结果] VIE组试验鱼的存活率明显高于CWT组和对照组。 VIE组和CWT组试验鱼的标志保持率分别为100%和98%。 VIE和CWT标记对试验鱼生长均没有显著影响。[结论] VIE标记是拉萨裂腹鱼幼鱼较适宜的短期标志方式。     

田间冬小麦抽穗期长势分析——基于可见-近红外光

为了快速估测大田冬小麦叶绿素含量指标,指导冬小麦抽穗期追肥管理,基于光谱分析技术在可见光和近红外波段(325~1 075 nm)处,对陕西省杨凌区揉谷镇粮食基地的冬小麦进行长势检测、分析。试验在1 000 m×600 m区域内划分为30个采样区进行数据采集,使用ASD Field Spec Hand Held光谱辐射仪(Analytical Spectral Devices.,USA)采集冬小麦的冠层光谱反射率数据,使用SPAD-5 0 2 Plus便携式叶绿素仪测量小麦倒一叶和倒二叶的叶绿素指标(SPAD值),使用G738 CM型手持式GPS记录采样点的位置信息。分别进行冠层光谱反射率小麦倒一叶和倒二叶的预处理,结果表明:冠层反射光谱倒二叶的SPAD值相关系数高于倒一叶。基于相关性分析,选取4个敏感波段538、661、740、850 nm分别与预处理前后的光谱数据进行多元线性回归分析,结果表明:预处理后的模型精度较高,建模精度R2=0.8 3,验证建模精度R2=0.7。同时,绘制了大田作物长势分布图,可为冬小麦抽穗期追肥提供支持。     

Characterization of plant-derived water extractable organic matter by multiple spectroscopic techniques

Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from fresh- or early-stage decomposing soil amendment materials may play an important role in the process of organic matter accumulation. In this study, eight WEOM samples extracted with a 40:1 (v/w) water to sample ratio from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), lupin (Lupinus albus L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and dairy manure were investigated using ultraviolet (UV)–visible, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), solution ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and solid state ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. UV–visible and FT-IR spectra of the plant-derived WEOM samples were typical for natural organic matter, but possessed less humic-like characteristics than dairy manure-derived WEOM. Solution ³¹P NMR spectra indicated that WEOM samples extracted from alfalfa, corn, and soybean shoots contained both orthophosphate and monoester P. Of the monoester P in WEOM from soybean shoot, 70% was phytate P. WEOM from crimson clover, hairy vetch, lupin, and wheat shoots contained orthophosphate only. The solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra of the seven plant-derived WEOM samples indicated that they all were primarily composed of sugars, amino acids or peptides, and low molecular mass carboxylic acids. Carbohydrates were dominant components with very few aromatics present in these samples. In addition, WEOM from crimson clover and lupin, but not other three leguminous plant WEOM samples, contained significant asparagine. On the other hand, WEOM from corn and wheat contained less amino acids or peptides. The spectra of WEOM of dairy manure revealed the presence of significant amounts of nonprotonated carbons and lignin residues, suggesting humification of the manure-derived WEOM. Significant carbohydrates as well as aromatics were present in this WEOM. The P and C bonding information for these WEOM samples may be useful for understanding the effects of WEOM on soil nutrient availability to plants. Trade or manufacturers' names mentioned in the paper are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or exclusion by the USDA-ARS.     

弹性体的热力学性质及其方阵图记忆法(Ⅱ)

在弹性体的热力学性质研究(Ⅰ)的基础上,进一步研究了弹性体的热力学函数、TdS方程、绝热过程方程和特性函数的应用等.     

Surgical management of a pony with a traumatic medial luxation of the patella

This report describes a successful surgical repair of medial patellar luxation in a Miniature Shetland pony where manual reduction of the patella was not possible. The surgical procedure involves transection of the medial femoropatellar ligament to facilitate patellar release, the placement of a prosthetic suture to replace the lateral femoropatellar ligament and reinforcement of the lateral retinaculum by the use of a mesh implant. This is a newly described surgical technique for the rare but recognised condition of a medial luxation of the patella.     

一种改进的双色SDS-PAGE凝胶和可视化上样电泳方法

SDS-PAGE电泳是蛋白质分析和研究中的重要高效手段．由于分离胶、浓缩胶与电泳缓冲液以及空气都是无色透明的物质,在胶的制作和点样过程中仅仅通过浓缩胶相与缓冲液水相或空气相对光的折射来准确判断点样孔的位置并进行点样操作,因而比较困难．该文介绍1种在浓缩胶中添加颜色染料,使浓缩胶显现颜色,以此可视化区分浓缩胶中点样孔（井）位置的方法,可以准确而高效完成点样操作,使传统的SDS-PAGE点样过程通过折光性来判断变为可视化准确判断,提高点样效率和电泳质量．      

GIS技术在场级森林经营管理中应用研究——以临川区魏坊林场为例

针对我国南方集体林区基层林场的森林经营现状和资源分布与生长特性,以魏坊林场为研究对象,运用ViewGIS3.0和Visual PoxPro软件,建立场级森林资源地理信息系统。利用GIS强大的数据管理、分析和处理功能,对以小班为单位的森林资源进行数字化、动态化、可视化管理,从根本上改变了传统的森林资源信息管理方式,为提高林场森林经营管理水平,实现由从粗放经营向集约经营转变提供了科学决策平台。     

基于可见近红外光谱及增强回归树算法的鸡蛋种类鉴别

利用可见-近红外光谱技术,选取湖北地区同一品种不同饲养环境下的鸡蛋,提取鸡蛋的光谱透射率(500~900nm),利用标准正态变量变换对光谱数据进行预处理,结合竞争性自适应重加权与主成分分析对光谱数据进行二次降维,并将提取的特征信息输入增强回归树算法,建立鸡蛋土洋种类鉴别模型,模型的训练集和测试集判别正确率分别为98.33%和97.00%。结果表明,应用基于可见-近红外光谱及增强回归树方法,针对同一母鸡品种但不同饲料产出的土洋鸡蛋的种类鉴别是可行的。     

一种基于航空可见光图像的烟草数量统计方法

传统烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)数量清点工作主要依靠人工现场抽样的方式,这种方法费时、费力且统计误差较大。针对这一缺点,提出一种基于航空可见光图像处理的烟草数量统计方法。利用无人机所获取的高分辨率影像,采用K-means聚类方法对烟田图像进行图像分割分类,提取图像中绿色植物部分,提取颜色、面积、长宽比等简单特征对杂草进行预剔除,通过构建烟株与杂草样本库,利用灰度梯度共生矩阵,提取其灰度平均、梯度均方差、相关、惯性等4种特征参量,并基于BP神经网络算法进一步对杂草进行识别,剔除杂草,统计烟株,提取连通域数量,即为烟株数量。     

土壤有机质含量可见-近红外光谱反演模型校正集优选方法

土壤有机质含量可见-近红外光谱反演过程中校正集的构建策略对模型的预测精度有重要影响。以江汉平原洪湖地区水稻土为研究对象,采用Kennard-Stone(KS)法,Rank-KS(RKS)和Sample set Partitioning based on joint X-Y distance(SPXY)法,构建样本数占总校正集不同比例的子校正集,通过偏最小二乘回归,建立土壤有机质含量的可见—近红外光谱反演模型。结果表明:KS法无法提高模型预测精度,但可以在保证标准差与预测均方根误差比(ratio of performance to standard deviation,RPD)2.0的前提下减少30%的校正样本;基于SPXY法的模型,当子校正集样本比例为总校正集的50%时达到最佳的模型预测精度,RPD为2.557;RKS法能够在保证预测精度的情况下(RPD2.0),最多减少总校正集70%的样本,对应模型RPD为2.212。当校正集与验证集的有机质含量分布相近时,能够以较少的建模样本达到与总校正集相近甚至更高的模型预测精度,提升土壤有机质光谱反演模型的实用性。