时间标度上一类时滞系统的性质

考虑时间标度上一类时滞系统的渐近性与振动性,得到了该系统解的振动的充分条件,同时也讨论了它的非振动解的渐近性质。     

斑痣悬茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫行为的影响

采用固定时间间隔扫描抽样观察法,在大透明罩内观察了被斑痣悬茧蜂寄生和未寄生甜菜夜蛾幼虫的活动、取食和栖境选择行为。结果表明:到寄主幼虫生长后期,被寄生幼虫的取食行为比例(3.74%)极显著低于未被寄生幼虫(15.71%),空间位移比例(8.19%)极显著低于未被寄生幼虫(32.04%),在植物叶正面的比例(47.00%)极显著高于未被寄生幼虫(24.27%),但在叶背面与未被寄生的寄主幼虫无显著差异。在植株的上部、中部和外部,两类寄主幼虫出现的比例直到幼虫生长后期才表现出显著差异。在植株上部和外部,被寄生的寄主幼虫出现的比例(分别为26.09%、5.89%)显著低于未被寄生幼虫(38.88%、17.50%),在植株中部则相反,被寄生幼虫出现的比例(63.57%)显著高于未被寄生幼虫(35.74%);然而在植株的下部,两类寄主幼虫只在幼虫生长前期表现出差异,被寄生的寄主幼虫出现的比例(5.50%)极显著低于未被寄生幼虫(21.96%)。     

基于LabVIEW的玉米果穗立式烘干仓监测系统的设计

利用研华ADAM4000系列数据采集模块，在LabVIEW平台上开发出玉米果穗立式烘干仓监测系统。该系统是由主控、信号通道、文件操作、数字滤波、频谱分析、统计分析、系统监测等模块组成，当烘干过程中的种子接触的温度的数值除以10的值大于等于监测阈值4.3时，系统就实时完成报警，实现了温度、压力数据的采集、处理和监测。应用情况表明果穗接触温度在256.41 K和484.71 K之间变化，能达到玉米种子果穗烘干的安全要求，证明该监测系统有效的提高了果穗干燥的安全性。     

青春期各阶段学生日常行为模式和体质状况的调查研究*

通过测试、问卷调查等方法了解沈阳市青春期各阶段中小学生的日常活动、生活习惯和体质健康状况，为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。结果显示，沈阳市处于青春期前后的学生每天喝饮料的达到28%，身体处于久坐的平均时间是6.35±0.78h/d，而学生进行户外游戏活动的平均时间不足1.5h。中学生在过去一周上3节以上体育课占73%；去课间操次数2次以下（包括2次）占7%。在自由活动时，学生选择的运动项目主要集中在篮球、足球等项目上，但运动强度不高。初中生平均每天用于做作业的时间超出了教育部的规定，仅27%的中学生睡眠时间达到9h。沈阳市处于青春期前后的学生学习生活习惯、运动习惯并不乐观，这在一定程度上引起学生体重、血压整体水平高于全省平均水平。学生身体素质与起其他省市相比相对较差，肥胖趋势明显。     

The role of oceanographic conditions and plankton availability in larval fish assemblages off the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean)

In the northwestern Mediterranean, most fish species reproduce in early summer and fewer in the autumn mixing period. This study analyses and compares larval fish assemblages (LFA) in both seasons, and is the first attempt to characterize LFA structure for the autumn period. We analyze horizontal and vertical distribution of fish larvae and the micro- and mesozooplankton biomass and abundance of the main zooplankton groups. The oceanographic situation was analyzed through the study of data from CTD, Nν-Shuttle and ADCP surveys. LFA were determined by ordination analyses based on larval abundance, and the relationships between larval assemblages and environmental variables were investigated through canonical correspondence analysis. The importance of some hydrographic variables (temperature, salinity and stability of the water column), current fields (along-shelf and across-shelf transport) and the abundance of zooplankton are discussed as important factors shaping the structure of larval assemblages. In early summer, LFA were mainly structured by a combination of bathymetry and trophic components, although sea surface temperature also played a role in shaping the horizontal larval distributions. In autumn, trophic variables were the main factors influencing the shelf-dwelling species assemblage. Larvae of oceanic species, on the other hand, were not related to trophic variables but were more affected by current fields.     

Estimation of direct and social effects of feeding duration in growing pigs using records from automatic feeding stations

Automatic feeding systems in pig production allow for the recording of individual feeding behavior traits, which might be influenced by the social interactions among individuals. This study fitted mixed models to estimate the direct and social effects on visit duration at the feeder of group-housed pigs. The dataset included 74,413 records of each visit duration time (min) event at the automatic feeder from 135 pigs housed in 14 pens. The sequence of visits at the feeder was employed as a proxy for the social interaction between individuals. To estimate animal effects, the direct effect was apportioned to the animal feeding (feeding pig), and the social effect was apportioned to the animal that entered the feeder immediately after the feeding pig left the feeding station (follower). The data were divided into two subsets: “non-immediate replacement” time (NIRT, N = 6,256), where the follower pig occupied the feeder at least 600 s after the feeding pig left the feeder, and “immediate replacement” time (IRT, N= 58,255), where the elapsed time between replacements was less than or equal to 60 s. The marginal posterior distribution of the parameters was obtained by Bayesian method. Using the IRT subset, the posterior mean of the proportion of variance explained by the direct effect (Prpσ^d2) was 18% for all models. The proportion of variance explained by the follower social effect (Prpσ^f2) was 2%, and the residual variance (σ^e2) decreased, suggesting an improved model fit by including the follower effect. Fitting the models with the NIRT subset, the estimate of Prpσ^d2 was 20% but the Prpσ^f2 was almost zero and σ^e2 was identical for all models. For the IRT subset, the predicted best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of direct (Direct BLUP) and social (Follower BLUP) random effects on visit duration at the feeder of an animal was calculated. Feeder visit duration time was not correlated with traits, such as weight gain or average feed intake (P > 0.05), whereas for the daily feeder occupation time, the estimated correlation was positive with the Direct BLUP (r^= 0.51, P < 0.05) and negative with the Follower BLUP (r^= −0.26, P < 0.05). The results suggest that the visit duration of an animal at the single-space feeder was influenced by both direct and social effects when the replacement time between visits was less than 1 min. Finally, animals that spent a longer time per day at the feeder seemed to do so by shortening the meal length of the preceding individual at the feeder.     

Characterization of Pekin duck drinking and preening behaviors and comparison when housed on raised plastic versus pine litter flooring

In recent years, much attention has been given to the welfare of commercial Pekin ducks. Management systems in the European Union have been the focus of most of these studies, with less research being done on raising ducks commercially in the United States. We set out to characterize commercial Pekin duck social and preening behaviors associated with water lines (pin-metered water systems). We also determined if these behaviors differed with ducks housed on pine litter compared with raised plastic flooring. To accomplish this we used video surveillance systems to observe flocks at ages of 7, 21, and 31 d. These recordings were analyzed for group interactions under water lines as well as preening behaviors and then compared between flooring types. We found that ducks are much more likely to drink in groups rather than individually. Significantly fewer ducks were observed drinking alone in barns with raised flooring compared with pine litter at all ages. Flooring type had no effect on preening behaviors that occurred equally as often with and without the use of water. Based on these observations, we suggest that social and preening behaviors do occur in barns with water lines.     

环境污染责任保险最优激励合同研究——基于企业风险降低行为的不可观察

建立保险公司与企业之间的委托—代理模型,通过模型求解,分析环境污染责任保险激励合同在企业风险降低行为不可观察下的最优设计问题,并针对模型进行了数值分析.为保险公司进行合同设计时提供一些建议,以更好地规范企业道德风险行为,实现双方利益最大化.     

相对湿度对间歇性偏热环境下肉鸡生长性能、行为及空肠形态结构的影响

本试验旨在研究相对湿度(RH)对31℃偏热环境下肉鸡生长性能、行为及空肠形态结构的影响。试验选取180只22日龄爱拔益加肉鸡随机分成3组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组),转入环境控制舱,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡(公母各占1/2)。预试期7 d,舱内温度21℃,RH60%。正试期14 d,从29日龄开始,每天10:00—16:00(6 h)鸡舍环境温度都维持在31℃保持不变,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组RH分别为30%、60%和85%,剩余时间环境温湿度与预试期相同。结果表明:1)第1~14天,Ⅲ组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日饮水量显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。2)试验第1、7和14天,Ⅱ组休息行为频次占比显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组采食和饮水行为频次占比显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05)。3)试验第1和7天,Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组坐着休息行为频次占比显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05);试验第7天,Ⅲ组伸展休息行为频次占比显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05),试验第14天,Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组伸展休息行为频次占比显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05);试验第1、7和14天,Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组俯伏休息行为频次占比显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。4)Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。由此可见,31℃间歇性偏热环境下,不同RH对肉鸡生长性能、行为及空肠形态结构的影响不同,高湿对肉鸡ADG、ADFI和空肠形态结构的影响比低湿大,适宜的RH为60%。