惠州市基塘系统三种典型养殖模式的水质调查与分析

介绍了惠州市基塘系统三种典型的水产养殖模式，并对旱季和雨季时三种养殖模式塘的一些常规污染指标进行了监测与分析，结果表明：猪鱼模式塘中的COD、NH3-N和TN呈现升高的趋势，猪粪水对其贡献率最大，旱季时猪鱼模式塘和单投饲料塘的NH，-N和TN污染严重；各模式塘受到重金属不同程度的污染，其中铜污染尤为严重。最后给出了改善水产养殖用水的措施。     

气助式静电喷雾靶标物背部沉积特性

为了研究气助式静电喷雾中，药液雾化特性对其靶标背部沉积效果的影响，采用Ф80mm的西红柿果实作为靶标，配制1g／L的刚果红溶液模拟农药进行喷雾试验．运用OLID测试系统对不同施药条件（气体压力、静电电压、喷雾距离）下药液的雾化特性进行了测试，借助分光光度计定量分析靶标背部沉积量，结合试验结果对药液雾化特性与靶标背部沉积效果的关系进行了分析和讨论．结果表明：非静电喷雾时，雾滴不易粘附于标靶背部，与荷电喷雾时相比，背部沉积量较小可以忽略；在气动力和静电力的前后作用下，雾滴的粒径随气体压力、静电电压的增加而减小且分布愈均匀；增加气体压力、静电电压均可提高药液靶标背部的沉积量，其中静电电压影响最大；荷电啧雾时，雾滴的粒径愈小分布愈均匀有利于荷电药液在靶标物背部沉积．     

Complexities Surrounding China's Soil Action Plan

China's soil pollution is serious, with 16·1% of all soil samples exceeding soil quality standard according to a national soil quality survey. On 31 May 2016, the Chinese government unleashed an ambitious plan to address its soil pollution problem. The large scale and fast pace of the proposed plan pose many challenges. There are biogeochemical complexities governing the fate and transport of soil contaminants that require more thorough study. There are also human‐related complexities and dynamic feedback loops, which determine the behaviour of farmers, industrial polluters, remediation practitioners and regulators. Soil pollution prevention and remediation also have externalities and spillover effects ranging from greenhouse gas emission to social justice. Rigorous policy instruments must be developed to account for complex human behaviour, to strengthen risk management and to encourage interdisciplinary scientific research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

玻璃中永久应力的理论分析与数值模拟

为了分析玻璃退火过程中永久应力的形成规律以及应力值的大小,基于玻璃永久应力的成因分析,建立了弹性体数值模型,给出了永久应力的计算方法和步骤。根据所建模型,利用ansys软件模拟了玻璃退火过程中结构应力和残余温差应力的形成过程,发现结构应力产生于膨胀系数开始发生变化的温度567℃,停止于膨胀系数稳定时的温度480℃。并根据模拟结果,计算出了玻璃中永久应力值的大小：边部压应力1.022MPa,中部张应力0.602MPa。模拟过程比较准确地反应了实际玻璃退火过程中应力的形成过程,根据模拟值求出的应力值大小基本符合玻璃实际应力值情况。     

甘蔗茎尖脱毒培养技术研究

针对热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养甘蔗脱毒苗在茎尖培养阶段由于污染率和褐变率高培养成功率较低问题，在甘蔗的热处理、茎尖解剖、接种等阶段设计不同试验进行研究探讨，以期提高茎尖培养的成活率和成功率。试验结果表明，不同的甘蔗品种在热处理时应需不同的水浴温度和时间；在茎尖解剖前，使用75％酒精处理可以减少茎尖培养的污染率；在接种前，将茎尖放到无菌水或者150mg／L的PVP（聚乙烯毗咯烷酮）溶液中浸泡15min可以减少酚污染，PVP还对其生长有促进作用；活性炭的作用有利有弊，需要进一步的研究确定其用量。     

农田土壤氮素径流损失的影响因素及其防治措施研究

根据当前国内外在农田土壤氮素运移转化机理方面已取得的研究成果,简要回顾了农田土壤氮素损失产生的环境污染危害,分析了影响土壤氮素径流损失的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了优化水肥管理、合理施用氮肥、发展生态农业、调整种植结构、推广缓控释肥料等防治举措。     

Pearl Millet Phenology and Growth in Relation to Thermal Time under Arid Environment

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date on the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10°C (base temperature below which pearl millet development ceases), 33°C (optimal temperature for development) and 45°C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490–1794°Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.
The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44–50°Cd ± 2.6 °Cd leaf⁻¹, till the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58°Cd ± 4.7°Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320°Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250°Cd).Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56°Cd ± 9.5°Cd tiller⁻¹.
Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.     

热水溶出茧层丝胶蛋白的结构变化

对不同时间热水溶出的茧层丝胶的氨基酸组成、热分解温度和分子结构等进行了测定分析．结果表明，随着热水溶出时间的延长，茧层丝胶蛋白中的酸性氨基酸因易溶于水而略有下降，热分解温度因受取向性、结晶性的影响而有所增高，分子结构也由无规则卷曲转化为β构象．丝胶蛋白被降解而成分子大小不一的混合类型     

Induced thermotolerance and expression of heat shock protein 70 in sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Thermal limits, induced thermotolerance and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in an echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus were studied. The sublethal and lethal temperatures for the juveniles were 30 and 34°C, respectively; a previous sublethal heat shock exposure (30°C, 2 h) could increase the survival rates of the sea cucumbers when they were exposed to 34°C. This induced thermotolerance could last for at least 2 days. Levels of Hsp70 increased substantially after sublethal heat shock exposure and linearly decreased with time. This result indicated that a close relationship existed between the induction of thermotolerance and the levels of Hsp70 in A. japonicus.     

热力架空管道的位移计算

热力架空管道系统在石油化工和城市供热工程中得到广泛的应用，原先热力架空管道的计算没有考虑到位移的非线性因素，不能正确地反映管道和支座的实际受力情况，现结合热力架空管道和支座的受力情况，给出了力学的计算模型，对作用在热力架空管道的载荷进行了分析，结合有限元法和变弹簧系统迭代法，用有限元迭代计算管道的位移，计算结果表明，分析热力架空管道必须考虑位移的非线性因素，同时必须正确考虑支座摩擦力的影响。