南亚热带李新品种‘华蜜大蜜李’

 ‘华蜜大蜜李’是从‘三华李’中选育出来的优良新品种, 果实近圆形, 平均单果质量51.5 g, 可溶性固形物含量9%～11% , 酸甜味浓, 肉质软溶, 丰产稳产, 是‘三华李’中的大果品种, 适合于南亚热带山区栽培。在广东6月中下旬果实红熟。     

中亚热带四川桤木与台湾桤木幼林的光合生态特性

四川桤木与台湾桤木是湖南乃至亚热带地区极具发展前景的阔叶纸浆原料林树种.为了系统研究四川桤木与台湾桤木在湖南的适应性,对四川桤木、台湾桤木4年生幼林的主要光合特性进行了研究.结果表明:(1)两种桤木的光合作用日变化有单峰与双峰曲线两种类型,四川桤木光合作用日变化在6月、9月净光合速率呈双峰曲线型,4月和10月、11月净光合速率呈单峰曲线型;台湾桤木净光合速率日变化在4月、6月、10月和11月呈双峰曲线型,而9月份净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线型.一年中以6月份的净光合速率峰值最高,分别达18.68和23.51μmol/m2.s,10月或11月最低.(2)两种桤木光照强度日变化始终成单峰曲线,只是峰值出现的时间不同,在4月、6月和9月,光照强度峰值在中午12:00~13:00出现,10月光照强度以中午12:00最高,11月13:00最高;一年中,光照强度峰值6月份最高(1 800μmol/m2.s),11月份的最小,仅1 260μmol/m2.s.(3)气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶面水气压亏缺的日变化与季节变化趋势规律和净光合速率一致,两种桤木的蒸腾速率和叶面水气压亏缺的日变化有单峰与双峰曲线两种类型;一年中两种桤木蒸腾速率峰值均以6月份的的峰值最高为8.10 mol/m2.s(台湾桤木)和6.38 mol/m2.s(四川桤木),其次是4月份,在11月份的蒸腾速率的峰值最小;两种桤木的叶面水气压亏缺峰值均以6月最高,其次是9月、10月,生长初期的4月份和末期的11月份较小.(4)四川桤木光饱和点为262~468μmol/m2.s,光补偿点介于11~104μmol/m2.s,不同部位的叶片和不同季节的光饱和点和光补偿点均有差异;台湾桤木的光饱和点介于288~409μmol/m2.s,光补偿点为14~102μmol/m2.s,二种桤木具有较低的光补偿点,即利用弱光的能力较强.     

加快云南热作产业发展的思考

概述了云南主要热带、亚热带作物的生产现状及存在问题,提出加速该省热作产业健康发展的思路和主要措施.     

元江冬季露地切花唐菖蒲大面积栽培实验研究

１９９５年１０月至１９９６年３月利用云南元江低热河谷气候进行唐菖蒲冬季露地生产性栽培试验，证明具有开花早，花色好，新母球发育健壮以及投资成本低等优点，具有较好发展前景。     

中国热带森林的分布、类型和特点

分析了中国热带森林的分布、类型和特点。中国热带林业的几个基本数据：热带有林地总面积为1125．66万hm2；热带林分面积为1074．49万hm2；热带天然林总面积为607．38万hm2；热带人工林总面积为467.11万hm2；热带林木总蓄积为6．6亿m3。中国热带森林面积在世界各国中约占第18位。并针对中国热带森林的特点．提出了中国热带森林的经营对策。     

Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, south China

1 Introduction The tropical area of southern China is climatically and biogeographically located at the northern edge of tropical Asia, including southeastern Xizang (Tibet, lower valleys of the southern Himalayas), southern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Taiwan and Hainan Island. The largest tropical area still covered by forests is in southern Yunnan. Tropical forests of southern Yunnan were little known until the late 1950s because of poor access except for some brief descrip-…     

海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林下层乔木中华厚壳桂光合生理生态特性的研究

2001年旱季,用Li 6400便携式光合测定仪对尖峰岭热带山地雨林下层乔木中华厚壳桂主要光合生理生态因子进行了初步测定,结果显示:冠层不同部位叶片的净光合速率无明显差异;中华厚壳桂具有较低的光饱和点(800μmol·m-2·s-1)、光补偿点(15～20μmol·m-2·s-1)和最大光合速率(≤7μmolCO2·m-2·s-1)等耐荫性光合特性,并且缺乏对高光强改变的光合调节能力,但对光斑却有快速的光合响应能力;短期内高CO2浓度会使其光合速率增加,但对气孔导度和蒸腾作用却有抑制作用;在光合最适温度范围内,温度的升高将明显促进光合作用,温度升高4℃能够使其净光合速率平均提高1 6倍,但一旦超过此范围,温度的升高却将抑制光合作用的进行。在自然条件下净光合速率与光照、温度、CO2浓度及气孔导度并无明显的相关关系,而在控制条件下却呈显著的曲线相关。     

海南岛热带森林生物多样性研究进展

生物多样性是生态学研究中一个重要的领域,海南岛热带林有很高的生物多样性。阐述海南岛热带林生物多样性的意义和研究进展,介绍海南岛热带林物种多样性、遗传多样性、生态系统多样性和景观多样性特点,结合生物多样性锐减的现状提出了相应的保护建议。     

热带山地雨林生态系统水文化学循环规律的研究

根据５ａ定位观测，对尖峰岭热带山地雨林更新林生态系统的水文化学循环规律的数据分析表明，年均降雨量为２６６８．３ｍｍ，其中总径流量占４６．７％，蒸散量５３．３％，冠层截留量１４．０％。Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的年均降雨输入量为７８．４ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），总径流输出５６．７ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），净积累２１．６ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ）；Ｓｉ、有机Ｃ、Ａｌ、Ｍｎ的年均降雨输入量为２５．０ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），总径流输出为１１２．３ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），净损失８７．３ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），更新林系统仅处于更新进展过程中，同时证实了冠层对降水化学的淋溶效应，净淋溶系数达４．１１；提出了降雨、林内净降雨、总径流的各水化学物含量与其相应水量的回归模式     

Agroforestry in the management of sloping lands in Asia and the Pacific

Steeply sloping lands are widespread in the tropics. An estimated 500 million people practice subsistence agriculture in these marginal areas. Continued population growth has led to the intensified cultivation of large areas of the sloping lands, exacerbating the problem of soil erosion. Although research shows that alley cropping and other contour agroforestry systems can stabilize the sloping lands, these systems have not been widely adopted by farmers. The Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Management (FESLM) has been tested in sloping land areas in the Philippines. Sustainable land management must be productive, stable, viable, and acceptable to farmers, while protecting soil and water resources. Farms on which contour hedgerow intercropping has been adopted meet the multifaceted requirements of FESLM, whereas the farmers' current practice does not. Appropriate land management measures for particular locations depend on a complex suite of social, economic, and biophysical factors, and need to be developed in participation with farmers. The role of agroforestry in sustainable management of sloping lands is the subject of networks coordinated by the International Board for Soil Research and Management (IBSRAM) in seven countries in Asia (ASIALAND) and four countries in the Pacific (PACIFICLAND). We review selected outcomes from a wealth of network data. From these results the following conclusions about the sustainability of various agroforestry systems for sloping lands can be drawn: • In the Pacific, soil loss from sloping lands due to water erosion under farmers' current practices is episodic, unpredictable, and possibly not severe; • Agroforestry systems that utilize legume shrubs, fruit trees, coffee (Coffea spp.) or rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) provide useful economic returns, but are not an essential component in terms of soil protection because grass or pineapple (Ananas comosus) planted on the contour are equally effective in reducing erosion; • Agricultural intensification will lead to nutrient mining, reduction of aboveground biomass, declining yields, and less soil protection unless external sources of nutrients are used; • nitrogen can be effectively supplied using legumes; • Cash derived from hedgerow trees and/or shrubs may providean incentive for their adoption by farmers, as well as funds to purchase external inputs such as fertilizers; • Labor may be a major constraint to the adoption of complex agroforestry systems. We also discuss the information management systems required to effectively manage and utilize the extensive sets of experimental and indigenous data being accumulated. We believe such information systems can facilitate technology transfer across and between regions, and improve the efficiency of research into agroforestry and other land-management approaches. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.