水稻防虫网育秧及机插秧技术

水稻防虫网育秧和机械插秧技术在水稻生产上应用前景广阔,总结了水稻防虫网育秧的优点,并简要介绍了防虫网育秧和机插秧技术的操作方法,提出了相关高产配套栽培技术,以期为生产推广提供借鉴。     

不同结构尼龙网防风效应的风洞模拟

为对比不同结构尼龙网不同风速下的防风效应,开展对均匀型(A)、上密下疏型(B)、上疏下密型(C)3种不同结构尼龙网在6 m·s~(-1)、9 m·s~(-1)、12 m·s~(-1)指示风速下的风洞模拟试验。通过对不同结构尼龙网各风速下加速率等值线图和防风效能的对比分析,结果表明:1 3种结构尼龙网风场存在相似性但差异明显。B型尼龙网风影区下部存在加速区,A、C型则不存在;C型风影区中心位置较低。2 A、C型尼龙网防风效应随风速增大而降低,B型则相反。3测量范围内C型尼龙网防风效应明显优于A、B型。实际应用中应综合考虑沙障结构、风况等因素,尼龙网栅栏的布设建议选用上疏下密型结构。     

基于灰色关联理论的海南省农民人均纯收入分析

运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法，对海南省农民人均纯收入与影响农民人均纯收入的主要因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明，各因素对农民人均纯收入影响的关联序为：农业贷款、乡镇企业贷款(0.838 2)＞农业机械总动力(0.835 3)＞农业生产资料价格总指数(0.796 4)＞农村家庭从业人员(0.730 3)＞粮食单位面积产量(0.701 1)＞农业人口数(0.684 3)＞农业生产总值(0.678 9)＞耕地总面积(0.670 8)＞粮食占农作物总播种面积比重(0.644 4)。在此基础上，根据关联度的分析，对如何发挥主导因素的作用，提高海南省农民人均纯收入提出了政策建议。     

我国瓜菜遮阳网覆盖栽培研究进展

遮阳网覆盖栽培已应用到农业生产的各方面，对农业生产的防虫、遮阳、节水、提高产量等方面起到了很大的促进作用。本文从遮阳网在节水灌溉、遮光降温、气体交换、延迟采收、防虫及对作物产量和品质的影响等方面，综述了其在农业生产方面的应用状况和相关研究，为遮阳网的合理科学利用提供参考。     

Effect of Aquasorb and Organic Compost Amendments on Soil Water Retention and Evaporation with Different Evaporation Potentials and Soil Textures

Abstract

Aquasorb PR3005A, a hydrophilic polymer (a salt copolymer polyacrylamide), and garden waste compost were added to a loamy sand and a loam soil in pots to assess their impact upon soil physical properties at two different evaporation potentials. Compost was mulched and incorporated, the Aquasorb was incorporated, and their effect on temperature and amelioration of soil water content and evaporation was investigated. Mulching with compost reduced evaporation and increased soil temperature. Maize (Zea mays var. single cross 704) was sown in the same pots later, and growth indicator factors (plant height, fresh and dry weight, root weight, and leaf area) were compared. It was concluded that compost mulch application is beneficial to soil water retention whereas compost incorporation did not show these benefits. Compost mulch advances seedling emergence and enhances early growth through hydrologic soil amelioration. High rates of Aquasorb were also beneficial in advancing the emergence and early growth of maize seeded in loamy sand. The hydration capacity of Aquasorb is reduced as the electrolyte concentration and electrical conductivity are increased. Increased electrolyte concentration in soil solution, through drying, may result in gel dehydration and water release at potentials greater than field capacity, which may be lost to drainage. Furthermore, it is concluded that pot experiments with amendments fail to simulate field conditions.     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

云南橡胶树气刺微割采胶新技术研究应用进

详细介绍了云南植胶区进行气刺微割采胶新技术试验的研究内容及应用实施情况，通过4 a的微割试验示范研究，比较系统的分析了云南微割采胶试验的产量效应、干含、割胶速度、耗皮量、死皮性状、净增长率等生产性数据。说明了微割采胶新技术具有操作简单、割胶速度快、产量好、节约原生树皮、死皮较轻等特点，并能显著降低割胶劳动强度，有效的提高割胶劳动生产率。全面的掌握了这一新技术的应用原理、实施技术、材料配用、操作规程、安全风险，积累了良好气刺微割推广应用基础。     

集中供热工程投资估算中的Excel应用

应用Excel计算集中供热工程的投资估算。首先创建估算的模板,再应用模板来计算具体建设规模的投资估算,其应用过程简便、快捷、准确、科学。