黄河三角洲地区湿地自然保护区管理与城镇绿化对策

为更好地保护利用黄河三角洲的湿地资源,对保护区自然与资源现状进行了全面分析,结合黄河三角洲地区的自然条件,就湿地自然保护区管理与城镇绿化问题进行了探讨,认为黄河三角洲湿地自然保护区的开发应坚持保护为主,保护与开发相结合的原则,在不破坏自然生态系统的前提下,适当发展旅游业、种植业、养殖业.全面保护自然资源和自然环境,重点保护湿地生态系统和珍稀、濒危鸟类.在城镇绿化中,注意选用耐盐树种和进行微域改土,加强庭院绿化增加居民收入.     

Genetic diversity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) populations in northeastern and northwestern China as revealed by ISSR markers

As a N₂-fixing tree species, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is well adapted to arid regions and is utilized for multiple purposes in China. Current knowledge of genetic variability of H. rhamnoides is limited in terms of rangewide distributions. Eleven natural populations of sea buckthorn in northeastern and northwestern China were analyzed to detect genetic variation among and within populations, by use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) markers. Using eight primers, 207 polymorphic loci were observed, ranging in size from 250 to 2500 bp. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.0679) showed that the total molecular variance of 11 populations was mainly existed within populations. The genetic variation within and among the 11 populations was 93.21 and 6.79%, respectively. No significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of the populations was found using ISSR markers. Our study provides a population-level genetic profile for further investigation and conservation of genetic diversity of sea buckthorn.     

中国南部热带植物区系的特点与亲缘

中国南部热带植物区系主要以云南南部、广西西南部和海南热带植物区系为代表 .该文简要分析了它们植物区系的组成特征和地理成分 ,比较研究了云南南部和海南热带植物区系与东南亚的马来半岛和文莱热带植物区系的关系 ,得出以下结论 :(1)中国南部植物区系主要由热带植物区系成分组成 ,热带分布的科和属分别占总科和属数的 6 0 %和 80 %多 ,在热带分布属中 ,又具体以热带亚洲成分占优势 ,显示该植物区系是热带性质的植物区系 ,具有热带亚洲亲缘 ;(2 )中国南部热带植物区系中多于 70 %的科和多于 5 0 %的属与马来西亚植物区系共有 ,并且其优势科中大多数也为马来西亚植物区系的优势科 ,意味着在植物区系分区上它属于热带亚洲或印度 马来西亚植物区系的一部分 ;(3)由于位于东南亚热带北缘 ,中国南部热带植物区系中以边缘热带成分为主 ,是印度 马来西亚植物区系的热带北缘类型 ;(4)中国南部植物区系的热带亚洲亲缘可以从东南亚的地质演化历史解释     

祁连山南麓退耕地人工植物群落的枯落物容水性能

对位于祁连山南麓的青海省大通县退耕地人工植物群落的枯落物容水性能进行了研究。该地区从20世纪80年代初期陆续退耕还林的人工植物群落年龄虽只有10~27 a,但其枯落物层厚度已达2.9 cm,相当于天然植物群落(30~200 a)的56.9%;其枯落物容水量平均达4 mm,相当于天然植物群落的35.7%。研究表明退耕地植物群落的林龄越大,植物垂直层数越丰富,则枯落物干物蓄积量和容水率越大,枯落物容水量也越大。在人为去除枯落物层后,其地表径流速度较去除前增加了33%~35%,枯落物层的缓流、滞流作用十分明显。经逐步回归分析,影响植物群落枯落物容水量的因素99.8%的为枯落物干物的蓄积量、林龄、植物层数和枯落物容水率。     

山东黄河沿岸防护工程景观建设分析

通过对山东黄河沿岸防护工程、自然环境、人文历史等资料的简要介绍,从景观、生态、游憩的角度对山东黄河沿岸景观建设现状进行分析,同时对其景观规划建设原则提出相应的建议。     

A mangrove stand under sewage pollution stress: Red Sea

A mangrove stand of Avicennia marina located at the South Corniche of Jeddah city receives about 100 000 m³ of sewage per day. The sewage has high values of BOD, COD, nutrient concentrations, heavy metals and faecal coliform counts.The mangrove stand is very small and occupies an area of about 0.45 km². The trees are stunted with low pneumatophore density. The pneumatophore distribution is restricted to the area of substrate underneath the plant crown covers and they do not look healthy. A high proportion of them was observed to be dead and/or aberrant. These abnormal induced features were attributed to the sewage discharge in the area. The death of pneumatophores decreases the aeration area which apparently affects the respiration rate of the root system, nutrient uptake and plant growth, consequently leading to a retarded growth of the mangroves.     

湖北省南方型杨树标准材积表的编制

根据31块标准地每木调查和树干解析资料,分别采用10个材积方程进行回归拟合,通过相关程度与标准差比较,以及回归方程与回归系数的显著性检验,选出了南方型杨树标准材积表的方程模型:V=0.0000383707D~(1.672)H~(1.247),经检验,据此编制的立木二元材积表基本满足精度要求,可以在生产中加以使用。     

Causes and typical control model of wind-drift sandy lands in abandoned channel of the Yellow River

The historical formation and development of the abandoned channel of the Yellow River is reviewed and its causes of formation and present condition of prevention and control are analyzed in this paper. Based on this analysis, some ideas about control, critical problems and countermeasures in the next period are proposed with two typical control models as examples. We suggest that in preventing and controlling the wind-drift sandy lands in the region, the emphasis should be to develop, with a greatly expanded effort, a recycling economy. This should realize a combination of two ideas, i.e. integrate combating desertification with a structural adjustment of agricultural and an increase in the income of farmers.     

探析黄桃栽培技术及储存方法

黄桃富含丰富的维生素C以及人体所需的纤维素等多种微量元素,能够补充人体机能,而且黄桃还具有润肠通便、美容养颜、保护视力等功效,对人体健康也有好处.目前,国内果蔬市场上对黄桃的需求不断增加,为免出现供不应求的现象,必须加快黄桃优质高产栽培技术的推广与应用,基于此,该文结合黄桃栽培技术及储存方法进行深入探究,从科学选址、优...     

宁夏引黄灌区玉豆间作和带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响

探索间作及带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响,提出适合宁夏灌区的种植模式。试验于2019—2020年,在宁夏王团旱作节水高效农业试验站开展,设置玉米/大豆间作(IMS)、玉米-大豆带状轮作(RMS)、单作玉米(MM)、单作大豆(SS)4种种植模式。结果表明,与单作玉米相比,带状轮作处理使玉米拔节期至成熟期干物质积累量增加9.58%～11.45%,且与间作相比,干物质积累量增加4.29%～7.53%。带状轮作种植模式下玉米对氮素的积累量、转运量及籽粒贡献率比间作提高2.19%、30.44%和19.86%。带状轮作和间作处理土壤含水量比单作分别提高5.64%和3.98%,且主要分布于0～140 cm土层,带状轮作处理玉米水分利用效率较单作增加38.00%,且比间作增加15.61%。与单作玉米相比,间作处理提高玉米产量11.3%,降低大豆产量51.39%;玉豆带状轮作处理弱化了种间竞争力,使玉米产量提高21.98%,大豆产量下降22.91%。因此,带状轮作种植模式在水分利用效率、干物质积累、氮素转运及产量方面优势明显,可作为宁夏引黄灌区的一种有效替代种植模式。