Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits

Current year shoot cuttings were collected in October and August from three growth habits of peach (Compact, Pillar, and Standard) and treated with one of four concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 250, 1250, and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA). Rooting response was measured after 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Little or no rooting occurred with cuttings from any growth habit that was collected in October or in August when treated with 0 and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA. In August, the number of shoots that rooted was greater in cuttings from Pillar (79 and 45%) than Compact (13 and 3%) treated with 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Cuttings from Standard trees had intermediate rooting of 56 and 6% at 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Pillar trees consistently grew more roots with greater root length per cutting than the other growth habits. It is proposed that differences in rooting response among the growth habits may be associated with differences in endogenous auxin concentration that had been found in previous studies. Within peach and possibly other fruit trees, the capacity of shoot cuttings to develop adventitious roots can vary by cultivar and successful root induction with exogenous plant growth regulators may depend, in part, on endogenous hormone levels.     

Population structure of poplar rust Melampsora larici-populina in the UK inferred from AFLP

AFLP profiles were generated from poplar leaf rust ( Melampsora larici-populina ) collected from Populus trichocarpa cv. Trichobel at six sites in the UK in 2001. Of a total of 145 isolates, 121 were unique AFLP phenotypes. On one occasion, the same AFLP phenotype was found at two sites. The analysis indicated that 81·88% of the total variation was attributable to differences among individuals within replicate plots, 3·47% to differences among plots within sites and 14·65% to differences among sites. Weir & Cockerham's θ was calculated as 0·138 and θ ^B , the Bayesian analogue of F _ST, as 0·146. Overall, there was sufficient gene flow among different sites to prevent genetic drift, as Nm was calculated as 1·562 using θ and as 1·462 using θ ^B . Nei's genetic distance and population-assignment test indicated that the rust from a site in north-east England was differentiated from those from other sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The results indicate that sexual reproduction has a major influence on the relative lack of population structure of M. larici-populina in the UK.     

甘薯膨大素对慈菇生长发育的影响

施用甘薯膨胀大素可改善慈菇营养生长状况,促进慈菇球茎的膨大,球茎开始膨大时叶面喷施甘薯膨大素,可显著增加早期产量;定植时及球茎开始膨大时２次施用甘薯膨大素,早期产量增加不显著,总产量显著增加。     

Effects of delmadinone acetate on pituitary-adrenal function, glucose tolerance and growth hormone in male dogs

Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined.     

Development and validation of an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in canine serum samples

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TGAB) in canine serum was developed and validated. The test result for each sample was derived from the optical density readings (OD) and expressed as an Ab-score(%) calculated from three in-house calibrators. The assay specifically detected TGAB as judged from lack of response in the assay after samples had been incubated with specific antigen. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.0–4.9% and 4.6–9.9%, respectively. The detection limit, an Ab-score of 5.6%, was close to the median Ab-score of 10% observed in healthy dogs (n = 132). The median Ab-score of dogs with primary hypothyroidism and lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 11), skin diseases (n = 35), and non-thyroidal diseases (n = 63) was 340%, 12%, and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of TGAB in hypothyroid dogs with lymphocytic thyroiditis (sensitivity) was 91% (95% confidence limits: 59%–99%). In dogs with dermatological diseases without lymphocytic thyroiditis the prevalence of TGAB was 3% corresponding to a specificity of 97% (95% confidence limit: 85%–100%). In dogs with non-thyroidal diseases and healthy dogs the prevalence of TGAB was 5% and 6%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of serum TGAB was evaluated by subjecting the data from 11 dogs with lymphocytic thyroiditis and 35 control dogs without lymphocytic thyroiditis to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (W = 0.966; 95% confidence limit 87%–100%) was significantly higher than that of a worthless test (0.5) (P < 0.0001), thereby indicating that serum TGAB measurements distinguished between dogs with and without lymphocytic thyroiditis.     

青年期及产蛋期绍兴鸭和康贝尔鸭血清促性腺激素释放激素浓度的比较

采用放射免疫分析法 (RIA)测定了不同日龄 (60 ,10 0 ,2 0 0和 380日龄 )绍兴鸭和卡基 康贝尔鸭 (KhakiCampbellDuck)血清中促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)浓度 ,试图通过比较不同品种、性别和日龄鸭之间GnRH浓度的变化 ,探讨GnRH与产蛋性能的关系。结果表明 :绍兴鸭和康贝尔鸭母鸭血清中GnRH浓度呈现类似的年龄性变化 ,60日龄时GnRH浓度较低 ,10 0日龄时最高 ,2 0 0日龄时显著下降 ,380日龄时回升至较高水平。公鸭血清中GnRH浓度的年龄性变化与母鸭相似 ,10 0日龄时最高 ,2 0 0日龄时最低     

禽胰多肽粗品对肉鸡生长及血液生长激素、甲状腺激素水平的影响

1日龄粤黄鸡128只 ,随机分为4组 ,在饲喂相同日粮的条件下 ,Ⅰ组饲饮自来水为对照组 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组饲饮禽胰多肽(APP)粗品溶液 ,剂量分别为0.58、1.16和2.32mg/只 d。试验期84d。结果表明 :(1)84日龄时 ,各试验组鸡只平均体重均高于对照组 ,其中Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)70日龄时 ,各试验组血浆GH水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05) ;(3)56日龄时 ,Ⅱ组血浆T4 浓度、Ⅲ组T3 浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示APP粗品可促进肉鸡生长 ,提高血液中GH、T4 和T3 的含量。     

The regulation of mycorrhiza formation— carbohydrate and hormone theories reviewed

Two “classical” theories, both originating in Elias Melin's laboratory in Uppsala, have tried to explain the regulation of ectomycorrhiza formation. The carbohydrate theory, formulated by E. Björkman in 1942, identifies root carbohydrate concentrations as regulatory, while these are in turn considered to be strongly influenced by plant mineral nutrition and light conditions. The hormone theory, expounded by V. Slankis in the 1960s, claims auxin of fungal origin to be the key regulator, influencing root carbohydrate status, while the fungus itself may, to some extent, be affected by mineral nutrition. Both theories have been subject to much discussion and have led to further work, without ever having been conclusively proven experimentally. Recent results in Uppsala and elsewhere have shed new light on several of the key issues. The development of research in this field since 1942 is critically reviewed in light of later data, and a unifying theory is sketched on the basis of E. Hacskaylo's proposal from 1969 to reconcile contradictory results.