家天牛在中国的适生区分析

家天牛原产于非洲北部的阿特拉斯山脉,是木材和具木质结构建筑物的重要害虫。本文运用CLIMEX气候模型的气候相似系数法对该虫在中国的适生区进行了分析和预测。结果表明,中国大陆有21个省区33个市、县(地区)适合该虫生存,大体分布于23.22°N～40.59°N,99.09°E～123.32°E范围内。     

我国外来林业有害生物发生现状及趋势分析

本文分析了我国外来林业有害生物的种类、发生危害状况、传播扩散特点以及对林业生产和生态的影响，并对未来的发生趋势进行了预测。     

Management of nematodes and a stalk borer by increasing within-field sugarcane cultivar diversity

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in plant diversity could modify the structure of the nematode community in favour of less pathogenic species and whether it affected the lepidopteran stalk borer, Eldana saccharina . Four sugarcane cultivars were planted either singly or as a mixture in the furrow. Nematodes were enumerated when the crops were 6 months old for five successive 10 to 13 month old crop cycles. Results showed that the mixture of cultivars had little significant impact on the overall abundance of the plant-parasitic or free-living nematodes. However, the nematode community structure within the mixture was slightly different to that observed on any single cultivar planted on its own and there was a higher than expected proportion of Helicotylenchus dihystera during the first three crops. With successive crops and in all treatments, there was an overall trend of increasing proportions of Meloidogyne javanica in the nematode community. However, the way that the change in the species-balance occurred in the mixed cultivar plots suggested a resistance to the evolving dominance of M. javanica . These results showed that sugarcane cultivars interacted within the rhizosphere when planted in a mixture because the observed nematode community in the mixture differed from that expected. The level of damage caused by E. saccharina was slightly lower in the mixture than expected from the actual cultivar composition.     

Population structure of poplar rust Melampsora larici-populina in the UK inferred from AFLP

AFLP profiles were generated from poplar leaf rust ( Melampsora larici-populina ) collected from Populus trichocarpa cv. Trichobel at six sites in the UK in 2001. Of a total of 145 isolates, 121 were unique AFLP phenotypes. On one occasion, the same AFLP phenotype was found at two sites. The analysis indicated that 81·88% of the total variation was attributable to differences among individuals within replicate plots, 3·47% to differences among plots within sites and 14·65% to differences among sites. Weir & Cockerham's θ was calculated as 0·138 and θ ^B , the Bayesian analogue of F _ST, as 0·146. Overall, there was sufficient gene flow among different sites to prevent genetic drift, as Nm was calculated as 1·562 using θ and as 1·462 using θ ^B . Nei's genetic distance and population-assignment test indicated that the rust from a site in north-east England was differentiated from those from other sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The results indicate that sexual reproduction has a major influence on the relative lack of population structure of M. larici-populina in the UK.     

20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法分析20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂,使用C18反相柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇 水为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行分析和定量。咪鲜胺和异菌脲标准偏差分别为0.055和0.021变异系数分别为0.53%和0.19%。平均回收率分别为98.95%和99.10%。     

甲萘威原药高效液相色谱分析方法

采用带紫外检测器和ODS-C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪,在流动相甲醇 水=80 20(V/V)、检测波长278nm、流速1.0mL/min的条件下,对甲萘威含量进行定量分析。结果表明,甲萘威的标准偏差为0.39;变异系数为0.41%;平均回收率为99.64%;线性相关系数为0.9998。     

中国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的DNA多态性

本文以中国双孢蘑菇不同主栽产区的9个具代表性的双孢蘑菇菌株为材料,用20个随机引物对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明,20个随机引物中,有15个随机引物的扩增产物DNA片段表现出明显的多态性,其中每个引物对不同菌株扩增出的DNA片段数目各不相同,而且不同引物扩增出的DNA带谱也不同,差异较大。这15个引物对供试菌株总共扩增出168条DNA片段,其中最大的片段可达6.77kb,最小的DNA片段仪有0.31kb。同时,比较了供试菌株两两间的遗传相似性,发现它们之间的变化不大,其相似系数从0.6891到1.0000,而平均相似系数仅为0.8500,表明供试菌株之间的亲缘关系较近,遗传变异不丰富。另外,采用系统聚类法中的类平均法,对供试菌株相似系数两两间进行聚类分析并生成树状图谱,直观准确地揭示了它们之间的差异。当相似系数为77％时,所有供试菌株都被聚为一大类,说明我国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的遗传基础较狭窄,可能来源于同一品系,这为进一步开展双孢蘑菇菌种的遗传改良提供了理论依据。     

RAPD及其在果树上的应用

就RAPD的特点、操作及其在果树品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、系谱解析和遗传图谱构建等方面的应用和进展进行了简要的阐述。     

Red clover mottle virus from Ukraine is an isolate of RCMV strain S

The relationship between red clover mottle virus (RCMV) isolated in the Ukraine (designated RCMV-Uk) and well-characterised strains from Sweden has been investigated. Nucleic acid hybridisation indicate that both RNAs from RCMV-Uk are highly homologous to their counterparts from RCMV strain S, a conclusion supported by protein sequence analysis of the two viral capsid proteins. Nucleic acid sequence analysis of a portion of RCMV-Uk RNA2 confirmed the high degree of similarity between RCMV-Uk and RCMV strain S. This information suggests that RCMV-Uk should be considered an isolate of RCMV strain S.     

Chromosomal Location of Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis in the Wheat Line TP1295 Selected from the Cross of Soissonais-Desprez with Lemhi

Crosses of a wheat line TP1295 with the cultivar Chinese Spring monosomic series were used to locate, on chromosome 1D, a major gene for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22 of race 6E0 of Puccinia striiformis. The gene is designated as Yr25 and is probably present in several of the cultivars currently widely used for differentiating races of this pathogen. The expression of the gene was modified by the environment and by at least one minor gene which may be located on chromosome 6A. In F2 and F3 generations from a cross between TP1295 and euploid Chinese Spring, a wide range of variation in infection type (IT) was observed. This precluded the classification of the plants as either resistant or susceptible, so they were assigned to 6 classes and analyzed by factorial correspondence analysis and non-hierarchical classification. When all F3 plants in a family were fully resistant, like TP1295 itself (IT ;), both Yr25 and the modifying gene were assumed to be present and homozygous. In environments favourable to expression of the gene, families thought to carry Yr25 alone had a distribution of ITs from fully resistant (IT ;) to intermediate (IT 2, rarely 3 or 3+). This F3 analysis indicated that use of IT data alone, in the monosomic analysis, would not reveal the chromosomal location of the genes and that chromosome counting of numerous plants was necessary. As well as indicating the chromosomes carrying the genes for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22, the data showed that plants monosomic for chromosomes 5B and 5D were more resistant than the corresponding disomics, indicating that these chromosomes promote susceptibility and supporting other evidence of the effects of these chromosomes on yellow rust resistance.