Screening and Analysis of Proteins Interacting with TaPDK from Physiological Male Sterility Induced by CHA in Wheat

To further research the regulatory network of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (designated as TaPDK) in physiological male-sterility (PHYMS) of wheat induced by chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) SQ-1, an anther cDNA library was constructed, and the proteins interacting with TaPDK were screened via yeast two-hybrid technique. Subsequently, a few candidate proteins in nucleotide expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Yeast-two hybrid screening was performed by mating yeast strain Y2HGold containing BD-TaPDK bait plasmid with yeast strain Y187 including anther cDNA library plasmid. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp) (QDO), and further were incubated on QDO medium containing AbA and X-α-Gal. The interactions between TaPDK and the proteins obtained from positive colonies were further confirmed by co-transformation validation. After plasmids DNA were extracted from blue colonies and sequenced, the sequences results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Finally, 24 colonies were obtained, including eight genes, namely non-specific lipid-transfer protein precursor (TanLTP), polyubiquitin (TaPUbi), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (TaPCNA), CBS domain containing protein (TaCBS), actin, guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit, chalcone synthase, and three new genes with unknown function. The results of quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TanLTP, TaPUbi, and TaPCNA were obviously up-regulated in PHYMS anther, and TaCBS expression was only increased at the tricellular stage in PHYMS anther compared with in fertile lines. Whereas, the expression of TaPDK was obviously down-regulated in PHYMS lines. Collectively, these datas indicated that the majority of candidate proteins might be related to pollen abortion in PHYMS lines, which further suggested that TaPDK plays multiple roles in pollen development, besides participating in regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity.     

2种玉米青贮饲料青贮过程中主要微生物的变化规律研究

旨在研究玉米青贮过程中各主要微生物的数量变化及变化趋势.做去棒揉丝和带穗切段瓶制青贮,取青贮前玉米青贮原料及在装瓶后第0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、9、11、13、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50天的青贮样品,用无菌水浸泡,然后用选择性培养基培养其中的主要微生物,包括乳酸菌、酵母菌和霉菌,最后进行计数.结果表明,在玉米青贮密封后60 d内,水分含量变化很小.pH在第2天下降到4以下,然后稳定在3.5左右,带穗切段玉米青贮pH低于去棒揉丝玉米青贮.乳酸菌数量剧增,在第6、7天时达到最高峰,为109数量级,之后数量缓慢下降,于第15～20天时稳定在107数量级,去棒揉丝玉米青贮的乳酸菌数量在第7天达到最高峰,带穗切段玉米青贮则在第6天出现最高峰,其稍高于去棒揉丝玉米青贮.酵母菌在青贮初期数量有些波动,出现最高峰到达107数量级后数量随时间的延长而减少,去棒揉丝玉米青贮时酵母菌数量迅速下降,第40天后没有再检测到酵母菌的存在,而带穗切段玉米在青贮12 h之内数量迅速增加,之后缓慢下降,第50天后没有再检测到酵母菌的存在.霉菌因密封后氧气缺乏而数量很快减少,最晚在第11天左右便检测不到,去棒揉丝玉米青贮中霉菌数量下降较迅速,第4天之后便检测不到霉菌存在,而带穗切段玉米青贮则比较平缓,直到第11天之后便检测不到霉菌存在.综上所述,在玉米青贮过程中主要微生物随时间大致呈现逐步减少的趋势；对玉米秸秆进行纵切揉丝处理有利于玉米青贮饲料的制作.     

硒和碘营养对蛋鸡不同组织抗氧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同剂量的硒和碘对蛋鸡心脏、肝脏、脾脏和甲状腺中几种抗氧化酶活性的影响。288只33周龄的新罗曼蛋鸡,饲喂添加不同剂量硒和碘(0,0;0.2,0:0,0.2:0.2,0.2mgkg)的日粮12周,试验结果如下:硒缺乏时,心脏和肝脏中的GSHPx活性下降(P=0.073);碘缺乏时,心脏和肝脏中的CAT活性下降(P=0.055,P=0.097),肝脏中的GSHPx活性降低(P=0.093);硒碘互作对心脏(P<0.01)和肝脏(P<0.05)中的TSOD和CAT活性影响显著,对脾脏中的TSOD(CAT+GSHPx)值影响极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明:碘能够影响肝脏中含硒酶的活性,硒碘的互作能够影响心脏、肝脏和脾脏的抗氧化酶活性。     

Conditional expression of harpinPsscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpinPss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR)

Conditional expression of harpin_Psscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpin_Pss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR).Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae 61 hrp Z gene encodes harpin_Pss, a 34.7 kD extracellular protein that elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Conditional expression of either full-length or truncated hrp Z sequences under the GAL1 promoter caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y187. Plating of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants on a medium containing galactose resulted in complete inhibition of colony formation, whereas their growth on a glucose-based medium was unaffected. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of harpin_Pssin yeast cells transformed with pYEUT- hrp Z and grown in galactose-containing medium. A time-dependent decline in the percentage of trypan blue-excluding cells in cultures of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was observed when cultured on galactose-containing medium. Similarly, the number of viable cells reduced to about 50% within 6 h. There were similarities in the harpin_Pss-mediated cell death in plants and yeast cell death (YCD). Galactose-induced cell death in pYEUT-hrp Z transformants of S. cerevisiae Y187 was suppressed by a protein kinase inhibitor K252a (10 μ M). The viability of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was prolonged in the presence of 100 U ml⁻¹catalase suggesting a role for the oxidative burst in YCD that was further supported by the flow cytometric patterns of propidium iodide uptake by yeast cells. Overall, it appears that yeast provides a useful model system to understand the molecular mechanism of harpin_Pss-mediated cell death.     

Barium selenate as a slow-release selenium preparation to pigs

Pregnant sows were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with a barium selenate suspension (0.5–1.0 mg Se/kg body weight (b.w.)) and together with control animals fed a commercial diet. No response to the injection was seen either in blood selenium levels or in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the sows. There was, however, a significant difference in these parameters between piglets born from treated dams and control animals. This status was maintained during the nursing period. In another experiment pigs (20 kg b.w.) on a Se-deficient diet were injected s.c. and i.m. with barium selenate (2.5 mg Se/kg b.w.). The treated groups maintained their blood levels of selenium and GSH-Px activity, although the selenium values in the group treated intramuscularly started to decline after 4 weeks. Organ samples from both groups were equal with regard to selenium at the time of slaughter while the control group showed a rapid decline both in blood selenium levels and GHS-Px activity.     

Ultrastructure of Colonic Epithelial Cells in Vitamin E and Selenium Deficient Pigs

Pigs deficient in vitamin E and selenium had a decreased contrast of the intracellular membranes compared with pigs supplemented with vitamin E and selenium. Other common changes in the deficient animals included a reduced number of microvilli, with a short and irregular appearance, numerous swollen mitochondria with empty spaces and intercellular oedema. It is suggested that these morphological changes are attributed to the insufficient supply of vitamin E and selenium, though it is not excluded that particular intestinal factors may participate in the development of the lesions.     

利用甘蔗糖蜜生产饲料酵母发酵条件的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产高生物量饲料酵母,通过单因素正交试验设计,确定优化的培养条件为:温度28℃,pH5.0,装液量200mL/500mL,摇床转速180r/min,培养时间84h。在优化的培养条件下酵母菌株的总蛋白质含量可达到6.01g/L。     

有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用91周龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡480只,按2×2双因子试验设计随机分为5组,对照组饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,4个试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了以吡啶羧酸铬或酵母铬来源的0.2mg/kg或0.4mg/kg的日粮,试验30d,以研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:①有机铬能在一定程度上促进热应激蛋鸡的蛋白质利用,提高热应激蛋鸡的生产性能;②铬水平对血清尿素氮有极显著的影响(P<0.01),添加0.4mg/kg铬组均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),说明了补铬能够抑制由高温引起的蛋白质分解过程,从而起到缓解高温应激的作用;③吡啶羧酸铬和酵母铬在作用效果上无显著的差异;从经济效益方面考虑,0.4mg/kg铬水平的酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬经济效益较高。     

酵母菌培养物对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

270只19周龄的ISABrow母鸡随机分3组处理,每个处理5个重复,研究酵母培养物对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验为期16周。酵母培养物在试验中的添加水平分别为0%、0.1%、0.2%。试验中采用的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中粗蛋白质为16.0%,能量为2800kcal/kg。试验结果表明,饲喂添加0.1%酵母培养物组产蛋鸡的生产性能和每日产蛋量显著提高(P<0.05);各处理组之间的蛋重、饲料摄入和饲料转化率无显著差别;试验组与对照组的蛋壳质量、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄中脂肪酸含量也无显著差别。     

酵母培养物对反刍动物作用的研究进展

本文就直接饲喂微生物——酵母培养物的概念,现阶段酵母培养物对反刍动物瘤胃环境作用的生理生化基础的相关研究进展,以及几种对酵母培养基的作用机理解释。另外又对酵母培养物对反刍动物作用效果及影响酵母培养物的因素等5个方面进行了概述。