H2S与ABA缓解低温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗氧化损伤的交互效应

为了探明硫化氢（H2S）与脱落酸（ABA）在提高植物耐冷性中的互作关系,以黄瓜幼苗为试材,叶面分别喷施1.0 mmol · L-1硫氢化钠（NaHS,H2S供体）、0.15 mmol · L-1次牛磺酸（HT,H2S清除剂）、50 μmol · L-1ABA、3 mmol · L-1 Na2WO4（钨酸钠,ABA合成抑制剂）、3 mmol · L-1 Na2WO4 + 1.0 mmol · L-1 NaHS、0.15 mmol · L-1 HT + 50 μmol · L-1 ABA及去离子水（H2O）,研究低温（8 ℃昼/5 ℃夜）胁迫下H2S和ABA对黄瓜幼苗活性氧积累及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫48 h,NaHS和ABA预处理的幼苗冷害指数显著降低。ABA可以提高L–/D–半胱氨酸脱巯基酶（LCD/DCD）活性及其基因表达量,促进内源H2S产生;NaHS处理的9–顺式–环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶（NCED）活性及其基因相对表达也明显增加,内源ABA含量快速升高。低温下NaHS和ABA处理均可减少活性氧积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性与基因相对表达量,增加抗坏血酸（AsA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量及还原型/氧化型抗坏血酸（AsA/DHA）和还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSH/GSSG）比例,从而减轻低温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的过氧化伤害。ABA合成抑制剂Na2WO4处理后,H2S对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化能力的促进效应明显减弱;同样,ABA对黄瓜幼苗活性氧的调控作用也被H2S清除剂HT所逆转。可见,H2S和ABA可诱导黄瓜幼苗耐冷性,二者在信号转导过程中存在交互效应和“对话”机制。     

不同氧化还原条件下土壤性质对非石灰性土壤中锌溶解动力学的影响

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in paddy soils is often a problem for rice production.Flooding can decrease metal availability in some noncalcareous soils through different mechanisms associated with soil redox status.Laboratory experiments were performed in order to better understand the processes that governed the dynamics of Zn in non-calcareous paddy soils at varying redox potentials(Eh).Airdried non-calcareous soil samples collected from four different paddy field sites in the Philippines were submerged and incubated in a reaction cell with continuous stirring and nitrogen purging for 4 weeks,and then purged with compressed air for another week to reoxidize the system.The Eh of the four soils started at 120 to 300 mV,decreased to —220 to —300 mV after 100 to 250 h of reduction,and was maintained at this low plateau for about 2 weeks before increasing again upon reoxidation.Zinc solubility showed contrasting patterns in the four soils,with two of the soils showing a decrease in soluble Zn as the Eh became low,probably due to zinc sulfide(ZnS) precipitation.In contrast,the other two soils showed that Zn solubility was maintained during the reduced phase which could be due to the competition with iron(Fe) for precipitation with sulfide.Differences in the relative amounts of S,Fe,and manganese(Mn) oxides in the four soils apparently influenced the pattern of Zn solubility after flooding.     

外源硫化氢对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗水分生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养方法,研究了0.01、0.1、0.3、0.6、1 mmol·L-1等不同浓度外源硫化氢供体硫氢化钠(Na HS)对干旱条件下玉米幼苗叶片及根系水分生理特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著提高了玉米幼苗根系活力、根系和叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和脯氨酸含量,显著降低了叶绿素含量及叶片和根系相对含水量。外源0.01 mmol·L-1Na HS预处理可以显著增加干旱胁迫下根叶相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量及根系可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,但对叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力没有显著影响。外源0.1 mmol·L-1和0.3 mmol·L-1Na HS预处理均可以显著增加干旱胁迫下根叶相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、根系可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力,但对叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响。外源0.6 mmol·L-1Na HS预处理可以显著增加干旱胁迫下根叶相对含水量、叶绿素a含量、叶片可溶性糖含量、根系可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力,但对根系脯氨酸含量、叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素b含量没有显著影响,显著降低了根系可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量。外源1 mmol·L-1Na HS预处理可以显著增加干旱胁迫下根系相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力,但对叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素a含量没有显著影响,显著降低了根叶可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及叶绿素b含量。这说明,低浓度硫化氢在一定程度上可以增加干旱胁迫下植株的渗透调节物质含量,从而维持自身的水分平衡,提高对干旱环境的适应能力。     

Effect of hydroxylamine on pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by chronic hypoxic hypercapnia in rats

AIM: To explore the effects of hydroxylamine on the pulmonary arterial pressure in chronic hypoxic hypercapnic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 rats in each group): the normal control group (NC), hypoxic hypercapnia+normal saline group (NS), hypoxic hypercapnia+hydroxylamine group (HA). The animals in NS and HA groups were kept in the O₂ (9%-11%) and CO₂ (5%-6%) cabin, 8 h a day and 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Before entering the cabin, the rats in HA group were administered with 1 mL hydroxylamine (12.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, while the rats in NS group were given intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL saline solution. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by external jugular vein cannulation. The heart was removed, and the right ventricle (RV) and the left ventricle plus the septum (LV+S) were dissected. The ratio of the wet weight of the RV to that of the LV+S was calculated. The changes of the pulmonary vascular construction were observed under optical microscope. The concentration of H₂S in the plasma was measured with a spectrometer. The expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the pulmonary arterioles and bronchi was measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The values of mPAP, RV/(LV+S),vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) and media thickness of pulmonary arterioles (PAMT) in NS group and HA group were significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05). The level of H₂S in the plasma, the content of CSE protein and the expression of CSE mRNA in NC group were significantly lower than those in NS group (P<0.05). The values of mPAP, RV/(LV+S), WA/TA and PAMT in HA group were significantly lower than those in NS group (P<0.05). The level of H₂S in the plasma, the content of CSE protein and the expression of CSE mRNA in HA group were significantly higher than those in NS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hydroxylamine may decrease the pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by chronic hypoxic hypercapnia in rats by increasing the level of H₂S in the plasma, the content of CSE protein and the mRNA expression of CSE, thus improving the pulmonary vascular structural remodeling.     

外源H_2S对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响

以盐敏感小麦品种鲁麦15为材料,研究不同浓度外源硫化氢(H2S)对NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明,一定浓度的外源H2S能够缓解NaCl胁迫对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制。0.01～0.13 mmol/L NaHS浸种预处理12 h均能不同程度地缓解100 mmol/L NaCl对小麦种子萌发率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长的抑制作用。其中以0.05 mmol/L NaHS浸种预处理效果最好。     

同步脱氮除硫菌株生长条件影响的研究

微生物的生长与代谢是其自身特性与外界因素相互作用的结果。在微生物的生长和代谢过程中,很多因素会直接或间接影响到微生物的的生长,包括内因和外因。为了探寻最适合同步脱氮除硫菌种的生长环境,本试验研究了影响微生物生长的非生物因素,即对pH、温度、碳源和氮源四个影响菌体生长的主要外部因素进行了综合测试。结果表明,荧光假单胞菌(Pseudom onas fluorescens)的最适生长条件为:温度30℃,初始pH 7.5,最适碳源为苹果酸,最适氮源为KNO3+NH4C l;确定了铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudom onas aeruginosa)的最适生长条件为:培养温度35℃,初始pH 7.0,最适碳源为苹果酸,最适氮源为KNO3+NH4Cl,从而为优化菌体的生长奠定了基础。     

生物滴滤塔去除沼气中H2S过程的压降分析

分别以活性炭、陶粒和聚氨酯为载体,在连续运行条件下,探讨了生物滴滤塔去除沼气中硫化氢过程中压降的变化规律。试验结果表明:随着运行时间延长,各载体组的压降逐渐增大,最后活性炭产生的压降最大(520Pa),其次为陶粒(480Pa),聚氨酯(343Pa)最小。压降沿载体层不均匀分布,其中滴滤塔底层的压降增加幅度最大,向上依次降低。聚氨酯压缩严重引起了压降较大的变化。3种载体的压降随着进气量的增大都成正比增加。     

双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube)典型自然栖息地的沉积环境特征

在山东沿海选取了双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube)的典型栖息地——河口潮间带,通过测定、分析不同潮区(高潮区、中潮区和低潮区)和同一潮区不同深度(5 cm、15 cm、25 cm和50 cm)沉积物中H2S、有机物、碳、氮、含水率以及粒度等指标,对其沉积环境特征进行了研究.结果显示,高潮区沉积物H2S浓度显著低于其他2个潮区(P＜0.05),25 cm深度处的沉积物H2S浓度显著高于其他深度(P＜0.05).3个不同潮区的间隙水中H2S浓度和含水率无显著性差异(P＞0.05),不同深度沉积物的间隙水中H2S浓度和含水率也无显著性差异(P＞0.05).低潮区有机物含量和氮含量显著低于中潮区和高潮区(P＜0.05),不同潮区之间的碳含量无显著性差异(P＞0.05),不同深度的沉积物中有机物含量、氮含量和碳含量随深度的增加而逐渐升高.粉砂在3个潮区以及各个潮区不同深度的沉积物中所占的比例均为最大,砂所占比例最小.低潮区沉积物的中值粒径显著高于其他2个潮区(P＜0.05),而不同深度沉积物的中值粒径无显著差异(P＞0.05).实验显示,本研究所选取的双齿围沙蚕典型自然栖息地沉积物中的H2S含量较高,并且随沉积物深度的增加而逐渐升高.沉积物中的有机物和碳含量极显著相关,碳氮含量显著相关.沉积物粒度分类属粘土质粉砂,高潮区沉积物的中值粒径显著小于低潮区,可能是造成高潮区沉积物的有机物含量和含水率显著高于低潮区的原因之一.     

大蒜有机硫化物对解淀粉芽孢杆菌的 抑菌作用及机理

【目的】明确大蒜有机硫化物(GOS)对豆制品优势腐败解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens的抑菌活性及作用机理。【方法】通过抑菌圈法和二倍稀释法测定GOS对菌株的抑菌活性、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并分析其对细菌生长曲线及胞外蛋白酶活性的影响;分析GOS处理后解淀粉芽孢杆菌代谢活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、β–半乳糖苷酶活性及胞外溶液电导率的变化,并结合扫描电镜观察菌体形态变化,探讨GOS对解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌机理。【结果】3 g/mL的GOS对解淀粉芽孢杆菌DY1a和DY1b的抑菌圈直径分别为31.7和25.7 mm,MIC均为30 mg/mL,MBC分别为240和480 mg/mL。30 mg/mL GOS对菌株DY1a和DY1b胞外蛋白酶活性的抑制率分别为47.3%和15.6%,使细菌细胞代谢活性(D490 nm)分别下降了2.771和4.091,胞外碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了0.029和0.036 U/mL,胞外β-半乳糖苷酶活性(D420 nm)分别提高了0.047与0.016,胞外溶液电导率分别提高了0.060和0.031 mS/cm。扫描电镜结果显示,GOS处理后的菌株细胞表面出现皱缩、孔洞式塌陷和破裂。【结论】大蒜有机硫化物对解淀粉芽孢杆菌抑制作用明显,其抑菌机理与影响细菌细胞壁、细胞膜的通透性和完整性,干扰细菌生理代谢活动有关。     

外源性硫化氢对舒泰全麻大鼠心电的影响

硫化氢(H2S)是近年来发现的第三种气体信号分子,其在心血管系统中发挥着重要的生理作用.为了观察不同剂量的外源性H2S对舒泰全麻大鼠心电的影响,在舒泰麻醉前20分钟分别用不同剂量NaHS溶液进行腹腔注射干预,然后测定全麻状态下各组大鼠10～50min时间段内的心电图,并与对照组进行比较分析.结果表明,外源性H2S可以显著降低0-T间期时限,从而起到减缓心动过速或心律失常等异常现象,进而起到保护心脏的作用;S-T段、T段抬高值均显著减少,可能与心率减慢有关.