含硫油品储罐自燃机理及预防技术研究

介绍了含硫油品储罐自燃机理的研究现状及进展,研究了活性硫对不同类型储罐的腐蚀机理以及硫化亚铁的形成过程.指出事故的原因是由罐的腐蚀产物硫化亚铁氧化放热所引起,提出采用消除石油炼制过程中的硫和将产生的硫化亚铁清洗或转变为其他形式方法,可以预防硫化亚铁的自燃.     

Identification of ATTM as a novel H2S donor and investigation of its protective effect on HaCaT skin cells

AIM: To investigate the ability of a metal complex ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) to release H₂S and its cytoprotective effect on an oxidative injury model. METHODS: Released H₂S was absorbed in a reaction flask from ATTM dissolved in the cell medium. Staining with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate or rhodamine 123 followed by photofluorography was conducted for the observation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) levels, respectively. Cell viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cells were measured with commercial kits. RESULTS: Similar to another H₂S donor GYY4137, ATTM had an ability to release H₂S in the cell medium in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of human skin HaCaT cells with ATTM at concentrations of 25~400 μmol/L didn't significantly alter cell viability. Exposure of the cells to ultraviolet rays or a ROS donor H₂O₂ increased the intracellular ROS levels. Treatment with 400 μmol/L H₂O₂ significantly reduced the viability of HaCaT cells (P<0.01). However, before the treatment with H₂O₂, pretreatment with ATTM at 100 and 200 μmol/L markedly prevented the H₂O₂-induced cell injury (P<0.01). In addition, the treatment with H₂O₂ triggered ΔΨ_m loss (P<0.01) and LDH release from the cells (P<0.01). Prior to suffering from H₂O₂ injury, the preconditioning with 200 μmol/L ATTM significantly improved ΔΨ_m levels (P<0.05) and attenuated LDH release from the cells (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ATTM is capable of releasing H₂S and protecting human skin cells against oxidative injury.     

不同时期喷施NaHS对盐碱地裸燕麦农艺和产量性状的影响

采用田间试验,分别在2020年裸燕麦不同生育期和2021年裸燕麦抽穗期喷施不同浓度H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS),分析H₂S对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦农艺和产量性状的影响。2020年试验结果表明：喷施时期对裸燕麦株高、单株粒数、单株产量、收获穗、千粒重和产量具有显著影响;NaHS浓度对株高和千粒重无显著影响,而对单株粒数、单株产量、收获穗和产量产生显著影响;二者的交互作用除对株高影响不显著外,对其余上述指标均具有显著影响。株高、单株粒数、单株产量、收获穗、千粒重和产量均以抽穗期喷施最高;单株粒数、单株产量、收获穗和产量随NaHS浓度增大整体呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,其中以喷施200 μmol·L^-1NaHS的产量最高。单株粒数和单株产量分别以抽穗期喷施100 μmol·L^-1和50 μmol·L^-1NaHS最高;收获穗数和千粒重分别以抽穗期喷施200 μmol·L^-1和50 μmol·L^-1NaHS最大;产量以抽穗期喷施200 μmol·L^-1NaHS最优。隶属函数综合分析显示：抽穗期喷施200 μmol·L^-1NaHS提高裸燕麦农艺产量性状的效果最佳。2021年试验结果表明：抽穗期喷施不同浓度NaHS对裸燕麦株高、收获穗和千粒重的影响不显著;与喷施0 μmol·L^-1 NaHS相比,喷施25~400 μmol·L^-1 NaHS可不同程度提高裸燕麦穗铃数、穗粒数和产量,其中喷施200 μmol·L^-1 NaHS的效果最显著。综上所述,抽穗期喷施200 μmol·L^-1 NaHS可有效促进裸燕麦穗铃数和穗粒数等农艺性状并提高产量。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide results in increase of reactive oxygen species induced by angiotensin II in neurons

AIM：To determine the effect of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in medullary neurons induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS：Primary cultured rat medullary neurons were used in the study. Identification of medullary neurons and the co-expression of cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) were detected by double-labeling immunofluorescence. Medullary neurons were treated with Ang II in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate (NaBu, a CBS agonist; 100 μmol/L, 250 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L). ROS production was measured by dihydroethidium staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of CBS was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS：The medullary neurons in the cultured cells were over 90%. Ang II (1 μmol/L) significantly increased ROS level in the medullary neurons. Ang II inhibited the activity of total SOD in the medullary neurons. CBS was expressed in the medullary neurons. Ang II decreased the mRNA expression of CBS. NaBu (250 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L) inhibited ROS production induced by Ang II with a dose-dependent manner, while NaBu alone had no influence on the ROS level in the medullary neurons. CONCLUSION：Ang II increases the level of ROS in medullary neurons partly by inhibiting the activity of total SOD and the mRNA expression of CBS. Endogenous H2S inhibits the ROS level increased by Ang II in the medullary neurons.     

FeCl3对污泥中温厌氧消化的影响

[目的]探究投加FeC13对污泥中温厌氧消化的影响.[方法]以青岛市某污水处理厂浓缩污泥为研究对象,进行污泥连续中温厌氧消化试验,考察了不同FeC13投加量下,污泥厌氧消化系统的沼气产量、组分、热值以及沼气中H2S含量等参数.[结果]当FeC13投加浓度为150 mg/L时,产气量比未投加FeC13时提高34.8％,所产沼气中CH4含量提高10.7％,CO2含量降低6.0％.但是对H2S产生而言,投加FeCl3能显著降低其在沼气中的含量,当FeC13投加浓度达120 mg/L以上时,H2S含量可降至零.[结论]投加FeCl3对污泥厌氧消化有促进作用,随着FeC13投加量的增加,沼气产量亦逐渐增大,沼气中CH4组分含量缓慢上升,CO2略有下降,热值呈升高趋势.     

Effect of Grazing-Mediated Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) Production on the Swimming Behavior of the Copepod Calanus helgolandicus

Chemical interactions play a fundamental role in the ecology of marine foodwebs. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a ubiquitous marine trace gas that acts as a bioactive compound by eliciting foraging behavior in a range of marine taxa including the copepod Temora longicornis. Production of DMS can rapidly increase following microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. Here, we investigated whether grazing-induced DMS elicits an increase in foraging behavior in the copepod Calanus helgolandicus. We developed a semi-automated method to quantify the effect of grazing-mediated DMS on the proportion of the time budget tethered females allocate towards slow swimming, typically associated with feeding. The pooled data showed no differences in the proportion of the 25 min time budget allocated towards slow swimming between high (23.6 ± 9.74%) and low (29.1 ± 18.33%) DMS treatments. However, there was a high degree of variability between behavioral responses of individual copepods. We discuss the need for more detailed species-specific studies of individual level responses of copepods to chemical signals at different spatial scales to improve our understanding of chemical interactions between copepods and their prey.     

外源硫化氢对水分胁迫下玉米种子萌发和生长的影响

采用发芽试验,研究了外源硫化氢对水分胁迫条件下玉米种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:水分胁迫显著降低了玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、株高、侧根条数、根系和地上部分鲜重,显著增加了相对伤害率;与水分胁迫处理相比,外源硫化氢处理则显著提高了水分胁迫条件下玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、株高、根系和地上部分鲜重,显著降低了相对伤害率,但对侧根条数没有影响。说明在水分胁迫下,外源硫化氢处理可以促进玉米种子的萌发和生长。     

加氢反应器材料的应力腐蚀试验

在常温状态下,用慢应变速率法研究了2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢加氢反应器在湿硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀行为,分析了硫化氢浓度对加氢反应器材料应力腐蚀的影响程度,并对试样微观断口形貌进行了扫描电镜分析.结果表明,在硫化氢浓度增加的介质中,加氢反应器材料的应力腐蚀性增强.     

外源H_2S对干旱胁迫下小麦旗叶生理特性及籽粒产量的影响

为了探讨外源H2S供体Na HS能否在小麦生育后期提高其抗旱性,在大田盆栽条件下,以豫麦49-198为材料,于小麦挑旗期设置干旱处理,并在叶面喷施不同浓度(0、0.05、0.10 mmol/L)Na HS,测定不同处理下小麦旗叶叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量及抗氧化酶活性和籽粒产量。结果表明,叶面喷施Na HS可以显著提高干旱胁迫下小麦旗叶叶绿素含量,降低旗叶MDA和H2O2含量,提高旗叶中SOD、POD、CAT活性,进而提高干旱胁迫下小麦单株有效穗数、百粒质量和籽粒产量。其中,干旱胁迫下叶面喷施0.05、0.10 mmol/L Na HS处理小麦籽粒产量分别较不喷施Na HS处理显著提高17.9%、21.4%。综上,外源H2S可以通过提高小麦旗叶的抗氧化酶活性降低MDA等有害物质积累,提高小麦植株的抗旱性,进而增加籽粒产量。