益生菌补充剂对断奶仔兔饲料效率、生长性能和微生物种群的影响

本研究旨在探讨单株或双株益生菌补充剂对断奶仔兔饲料效率、生长性能和微生物数量的影响。试验选择64只28 d断奶(公母各半)新西兰白兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加1×10^6 cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌(BS组)、1×10^7 cfu/g乳酸菌(LA组)及0.5×106枯草芽孢杆菌+0.5×10^7 cfu/g乳酸菌(BL组)。结果显示:LA组在42 d时体重显著增加(P<0.05),BL组较对照组显著提高日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05)。LA组和BL组的干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、总能量消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。公兔回肠内芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌数量均显著高于雌兔(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,BS组家兔肠道各节段的芽孢杆菌数量均高于对照组(P<0.05),而LA和BL组仔兔肠道乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:日粮单独添加1×107 cfu/g乳杆菌或0.5×10^6 cfu/g枯草杆菌+0.5×10^7 cfu/g乳杆菌可以提高肠道有益菌群数量、营养物质消化率、盲肠发酵、饲料效率和生长性能。此外,仅添加乳杆菌的家兔肠道大肠菌群和粪便评分均有所下降。     

Retracted: Isolation,characterization, and effect of administration in vivo,a novel probiotic strain from pig feces

From porcine rectal swabs or feces, we isolated lactic acid bacteria and used porcine Peyer's patch cells to select them for inducibility of IgA production as an indicator of probiotic effects. The strain selected as a new probiotic was named ‘Enterococcus faecium NHRD IHARA‘. To verify the probiotic effects of this strain in vivo, 536 piglets at age 25 days were assigned to either the trial group, which administrated the strain, or the control group. An increase in IgA in the feces was observed at age 45 days (P < 0.05 compared with the control group); a significant increase in serum IgA was also observed at the end of the study (P < 0.01) in the trial group. In addition, significant differences between the groups in terms of body weight (P < 0.05) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) were observed. The rate of detection of swine‐pathogenic Escherichia coli gene in the feces tended to be lower in the trial group than in the controls. The novel probiotic strain; E. faecium NHRD IHARA may have beneficial effects on swine growth by inducing IgA production and reducing rates of colonization by pathogens in the body.     

酸化剂和益生素合用对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响

为了研究酸化剂和益生素合用对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响袁选择1日龄健康野科宝500冶肉仔鸡160 只袁随机分成4组袁每组4个重复袁每重复10 只袁A 组为空白对照组袁饲喂基础日粮曰B尧C 和D 组分别饲喂添加0.1%尧0.3%和0.5%由酸化剂和益生素组成的复合添加剂的日粮袁试验期42 d遥结果表明袁日粮中添加由酸化剂和益生素组成的复合添加剂能不同程度提高血清总蛋白尧白蛋白和总胆固醇含量及谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性袁不同程度降低血清尿素和丙二醛含量及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性袁其中添加0.1%复合添加剂显著降低渊P<0.05冤42 d的谷丙转氨酶活性袁添加0.3%复合添加剂显著提高渊P<0.05冤42 d白蛋白含量及14 d总胆固醇含量和显著降低渊P<0.05冤42 d尿素氮及丙二醛含量袁添加0.5%复合添加剂显著降低渊P<0.05冤42 d尿素氮和丙二醛含量及14 d谷草转氨酶活性遥提示酸化剂和益生素合用可增强蛋白质的吸收和降低体内蛋白质的分解及提高体内的抗氧化能力袁从而促进肉仔鸡的生长遥其复合添加剂的最佳添加量为0.3%遥     

益生素对肉鸡增重、粪便排泄指标的影响

文章旨在研究饲料中添加益生素对肉鸡的料肉比、粪便排泄物中各种指标的影响。试验选择健康肉鸡108只,随机分成4组,1组对照组和3组试验组:包括益生素低含量组(饲料:益生素为1 000:1)、中含量组(饲料:益生素为1 000:2)、高含量组(饲料:益生素为1 000:4),每组3个重复,每个重复9只鸡。试验期为15 d,对照组按照正常方式饲喂,饲料中不添加益生素,试验组饲喂添加不同含量益生素饲料。每日称取肉鸡的采食量,计算试验期间总采食量;试验开始前和试验结束后分别称取鸡重,计算试验期间肉鸡的增重情况;根据采食量和肉增重计算料肉比;另外,每日对鸡的粪便进行称重。试验结果表明,低含量组和中含量组的料肉比显著低于对照组(P0.05);低含量组和中含量组粪便中粗蛋白质含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);总排粪量在使用益生素5日后开始减少(P0.05);益生素使用后对粪便中灰分的含量影响不显著(P0.05)。     

Oral administration of formalin-inactivated cells of Aeromonas hydrophila A3-51 controls infection by atypical A. salmonicida in goldfish,Carassius auratus (L.)

There has been increasing interest in the use of probiotics in aquaculture to control fish diseases (e.g. Douillet Langdon 1994; Gildberg, Mikkelsen, Sandaker & Ringo 1997; Kennedy, Tucker, Neidic, Vermeer, Cooper, Jarrell & Sennett 1998; DeSchrijver & Ollevier 2000; Robertson, O'Dowd, Burrells, Williams & Austin 2000), and a diverse range of Gram-positive (such as Carnobacterium inhibens) (Robertson et al. 2000) and Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio alginolyticus (Garriques & Arevalo 1995), have been evaluated at various times. However, the possible use of probiotics to control diseases of ornamental fish has been neglected. Consequently, following previous success with live (Irianto & Austin 2002) and inactivated probiotics in salmonids (Irianto & Austin, in press), research has focused on the usefulness of inactivated bacterial preparations for the control of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infections in goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.). Goldfish, of average 40-50 mm in length, were obtained from a commercial farm in England, and maintained in aerated re-circulating dechlorinated fresh water at 17 degrees C. Their health status was examined immediately upon arrival in the aquaria and at 1-2-week periods thereafter (after Austin & Austin 1989).     

微生态制剂在奶牛生产上的应用

微生态制剂的研究与开发发展迅速,它特有的机制和天然、无残留、无毒、无污染、无耐药性、安全可靠的优点被广泛应用于动物生产中,完全可以作为抗生素的替代品.文章综述了微生态制剂的概念及分类,说明微生态制剂作用机制以及在奶牛生产上的应用.     

榆林市人口系统分析及预测

通过对榆林市人口总量变动,人口分布的分析。并对未来人口发展趋势进行预测,人口总数由 1950年总人口123．51万人到2015年的391．76万人。65年间净增人口268．25万人,增加了 217．19％,平均每年增加人口4．13万人。可见,榆林市的人口发展还是很快,还必须加强计划生育,降 低出生率,控制外来人口。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang对凝固型发酵乳 感官品质的影响

【目的】评价益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang（L. casei Zhang）对凝固型发酵乳感官品质的影响。【方法】将Streptococcus thermophilus（S. thermophilus）与益生菌L. casei Zhang复配发酵,发酵结束（pH 4.5）于4℃冷藏1 d或28 d,并对发酵乳进行感官鉴评试验。【结果】益生菌L. casei Zhang与S. thermophilus复配发酵可赋予产品更好的细腻性、更为浓郁的奶油味和乙醛风味,从而提升产品的风味总体得分、气味总体得分及产品总得分。4℃贮藏7 d时益生菌发酵乳具有最好的气味和风味感官特征,而贮藏14 d时具有最好的表观和质地感官特征。【结论】益生菌L. casei Zhang可提高发酵乳制品的感官品质,同时贮藏时间对发酵乳感官特性产生影响。     

土壤水分对鱼腥草生长和营养成分含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过人工控制土壤水分的方法,研究了土壤水分含量对鱼腥草萌发、生长、产量和营养成分含量的影响.结果表明:适合鱼腥草种茎萌发的土壤相对持水量(RH)为90%以上;土壤RH高有利于茎的伸长生长和产量的形成,封行期保持土壤RH 85%,花果期保持土壤RH 80%有利于保证鱼腥草产量和较高的营养物质含量;过低的土壤RH使鱼腥草产量下降,营养物质含量略偏低,较高的含水量有利于获得较高产量,但营养物质含量则略有偏低.