不同密度对棉花根系生长与分布的影响

 利用根钻挖掘法研究了大田条件下6个种植密度对棉花根系生长分布的影响。结果表明：1.5万～8.7万株·hm^-2密度水平根干物质质量密度、根长密度在吐絮之前持续增加,而10.5万株·hm^-2处理在盛铃期后出现下降。在盛蕾期至初花期,棉花根干物质质量密度、根长密度均随种植密度的增加而增大;在盛花期至吐絮初期,根干物质质量密度以3.3万株·hm-2处理最高,3.3万～10.5万株·hm^-2处理根长密度显著高于1.5万株·hm^-2。根系垂直分布结果表明,0～30 cm土层内的根干物质质量和根长分别占所测土体中根量的67.80%～97.44%和54.01%～93.33%。低密度处理（1.5万株·hm^-2、3.3万株·hm^-2）的浅层（0～20 cm）根干物质质量密度和根长密度在盛蕾期均低于其它处理,深层（30～60 cm）根干物质质量密度和根长密度在初花期至盛铃期低于其它处理。吐絮初期,各密度处理根长密度在深层土壤有显著差异。     

缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响

在新疆气候生态条件下,设置适量化调和超量化调方式,每个化调下设3个种植密度,研究了化学调节剂(DPC)对不同密度棉花冠层结构及产量的影响.结果表明:随密度增加,两种化调量下均表现叶面积指数(LAI)增大、叶倾角(MFA)变大,株型变紧凑;但密度过大,群体散射辐射透过系数(TR)小,造成生育后期群体光合速率(CAP)较快...     

非饱和重塑黏土在不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线试验研究

采用压力板仪对非饱和重塑黏土在2种不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线进行了研究。即对该重塑土样开展标准击实试验,在击实曲线上取同一干密度对应的不同击实含水率的试样和击实曲线上最优含水率处的试样,并通过增加击实次数,得到另外2种击实干密度的试样,对上述试样进行土水特征曲线测试,并采用常用的土水特征曲线模型Van Genuchten模型、Fredlund 3参数模型、Fredlund 4参数模型对实测试样的土水特征曲线进行了拟合,其拟合结果较好。研究发现,击实干密度越大,空气进入值越高,试样持水能力越强。击实含水率越大,试样可塑性越好,持水能力越强,空气进入值也越大。     

The contribution of rock fragments to the available water content of stony soils: Proposition of new pedotransfer functions

The contribution of rock fragments to the soil available water content (SAWC) of stony soil has been quantified by measurements of bulk density and gravimetric water content at different water potentials on rock fragments of different lithologies: flints, cherts, chalks, gaizes and limestones. More than 1000 pebbles (2 cm < equivalent diameter of the rock fragment < 5 cm) have been sampled in stony soils developed from each of the five lithologies. We demonstrated that the water content at saturation of the studied pebbles was equal to the water content at −100 hPa and to the water content at field capacity. A linear relationship between the water content at −100 hPa and at −15,840 hPa enabled to derive a simple pedotransfer function to determine the available water content of the rock fragments. We also proposed a second simple pedotransfer function, which expresses the available water content from the dry bulk density of the rock fragments only. A simulation at the horizon scale for a loamy-clay stony horizon showed that the SAWC could be strongly misjudged when the rock fragments were not taken into account: for a stony horizon containing 30% of pebbles, the SAWC is underestimated by 5% for chert pebbles and by 33% for chalk pebbles.     

不同营养水平对羔羊肌肉组织学性状的影响

本试验旨在研究羔羊在营养限制期和补偿期背最长肌、半腱肌和股二头肌的肌纤维直径、面积和密度的变化规律.选用蒙古羔羊(羯羊)80只,随机分为4个组,即:对照组(C组)、中等受限1组(R1组)、中等受限2组(R2组)、严重受限组(R3组),进行营养限制期60 d和补偿期90 d的羔羊生长试验.限制期4个组饲粮能氮水平分别为代...     

雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构与分布特点研究

雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点与其羽绒性能密切相关。本试验采用组织切片技术和光学显微方法观察成年雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点,用最小二乘均数法对胸、腹和背部羽区的毛囊密度、毛囊直径和S/P值的变化进行分析,以及性别因素对毛囊性状的影响进行研究。结果显示,雁鹅羽毛初级毛囊和次级毛囊均属有髓毛囊,二者独立发生发育并独立分布。鹅的次级毛囊显微形态结构与初级毛囊基本相似,但次级毛囊的羽嵴于羽髓周围呈放射状均匀分布,没有凸出的脊柱状较大嵴突存在。成年雌性雁鹅在其胸、腹、背部羽区的初级和次级毛囊密度均显著高于雄性雁鹅(P＜0.05),雁鹅胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊密度和S/P值均显著高于背部的毛囊密度和S/P值(P＜0.05)。次级毛囊直径因性别差异变化较大,雄鹅胸、背部羽区的次级毛囊直径显著大于雌鹅(P＜0.05);且雄雌鹅腹部次级毛囊直径均显著小于其背部的次级毛囊直径(P＜0.05)。     

十字花科蔬菜对蛞蝓生长发育的影响

在25℃、开灯1 h,关灯23 h(光照1L:23 D)、湿度20%~30%条件下,采用甘蓝、油菜、花椰菜、大白菜、小白菜饲养蛞蝓,研究蛞蝓的生物活性。结果表明:大白菜上蛞蝓的产卵前期、产卵量与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著;用甘蓝饲养的蛞蝓平均每天增重量最大,为4.68 g,甘蓝上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数和平均体重增加值与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著,小白菜和花椰菜上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数与油菜和大白菜相比差异显著。说明不同蔬菜对蛞蝓种群生命力的影响存在差异。     

不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄冠层光合及产量的影响

以“保红一号”番茄为试材,采用单干整枝方式研究不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄功能叶片冠层光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量的影响.结果表明:番茄净光合速率、叶绿素含量在植株上、中、下部冠层间随不同密度的冠高和叶位差异明显.中、上部净光合速率、叶绿素含量高,下部低,3 000株/667m2(留5穗果)各冠层叶位间叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈正相关,表现出冠层净光合速率、叶绿素含量和产量最高.表明适合阿克苏地区冬春茬日光温室番茄生产的适宜密度为3 000株/667m2(留5穗果),总产量最高,达到7 806.3 kg/667m2.     

十个芍药品种气孔特性研究

选取10个品种的芍药作为研究对象,观察芍药叶片气孔的形态、分布规律,并对其气孔大小、气孔长宽比、表皮细胞密度、气孔密度及气孔指数等进行品种间比较及差异分析.结果表明:10个品种的芍药叶片气孔形态及分布规律一致.各项指标的品种内变异系数均较小.4个品种(1、2、8、9)的4项指标(气孔长度、宽度、长宽比及气孔指数)均没有差异.2个品种(1、9)的5项指标(气孔长度、宽度、长宽比、气孔密度及气孔指数)均没有差异.各项指标相比较,气孔宽度和气孔指数在各品种间变化较小.气孔密度与气孔长度呈反相关.结果不支持将气孔长度、宽度、气孔长宽比、气孔密度、气孔指数及表皮细胞密度作为芍药种或品种分类的依据.     

Tracking Phytophthora infestans with SSR markers within and between seasons – a field study in Sweden

The dynamics of a late blight epidemic and sexual reproduction in Phytophthora infestans were studied in an experimental field in mid‐Sweden. The field was inoculated with six isolates of P. infestans taken from another potato field where sexual reproduction of the pathogen was suspected. Three weeks after inoculation single‐lesion leaflets were sampled and the resulting isolates characterized using microsatellites (SSRs) and mating type as markers. Among the 151 isolates analysed, the inoculum genotypes constituted more than 80% of the genotypes found, with three other genotypes making up the remainder. The following year, P. infestans obtained from soil samples taken from this field were analysed, and six novel genotypes were identified. Genotypes from the previous summer’s population were not detected. Analysis of the genotypes recovered was consistent with them being recombinants, with the previous summer’s population acting as parents. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that oospores produced during a summer epidemic in Sweden can overwinter and cause infection the next year.