橙皮综合利用研究进展

介绍了橙皮中有价值成分香精油、橙皮色素、果胶、橙皮苷等的提取方法以及在食品、饮料、化妆品等方面的应用.     

Production of a Trisomic Series in Hordeum vulgare cv. 'Golden Promise' and its Use in Locating a Recessive Chlorina Gene

A trisomic series was produced from a triploid plant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Golden Promise’) derived from tissue culture. Its characteristics are briefly described and compared with two trisomic series reported previously. Trisomic number 1 performed poorly under glasshouse conditions. Number 2 failed to set any seed after selfing and must be maintained by pollinating with ‘Golden Promise’. The series was subsequently used to locate a recessive chlorina gene on barley chromosome 3.     

Inheritance of a plant type mutant and its utilization in chickpea

Summary A macro-mutant, E 100Y(M) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was found to affect several plant and seed characters. For plant type monogenic inheritance was observed. A single pair of recessive genes pt/pt was ascribed to this mutant. The mutant locus seemed to be exerting pleiotropic action. The utilization of this mutant for chickpea improvement has been discussed.     

Early assessment of processing strawberries for colour

Summary It is possible to select strawberry cultivars that give a satisfactory, naturally coloured canned product as an alternative to the commercially dyed one. Spectrophotometric measurements of the syrup from cans, the canned fruit and fresh fruit were compared with visual scoring. A preliminary screening for colour based on visual assessment of fresh flesh colour is possible.     

Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F₁ and F₂ of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F₁ and F₂ means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F₁ heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F₁ heterosis in three crosses. In the F₂, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F₂ frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F₂ segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.     

Genetical control of alkaloid production in Lupinus mutabilis and the effect of a mutant allele Mutal isolated following chemical mutagenesis

Summary A new mutant allele, described here as mutal, which reduces the alkaloid content in dry matter of lupinus mutabilis has been identified following seed treatment with ethyl methane sulphanate. The allele, when homozygous, reduces the alkaloid content from levels of > 2.0 per cent found in seed dry matter of existing populations to 0.2–0.3 per cent and produces plants with vegetative and seed tissues that are organoleptically sweet. Component alkaloids in plants homozygous for mutal differ in respect of the percentage composition of sparteine and of lupanine, as well as possibly of oxa-sparteine and 4-hydroxylupanine, but none is eliminated in genotypes homozygous for the mutant allele. Alkaloid concentration, in so far as not under the control of mutal, has low heritability but lines were isolated following two generations of successive selection which possessed reduced alkaloid levels. These were interpreted to have arisen as a result of recombination of alleles affecting reduction in alkaloid level at several loci. the mutant, mutal, has been established in a pure breeding line which represents a crucial additional step in the evolution of Lupinus mutabilis towards full status as a crop plant.     

棉酚及色素腺体对棉花抗枯萎病性的作用

本文对低酚棉与有酚棉的抗病和感病品种及其杂交后代进行了研究。结果表明，在种子中棉酚含量及色素腺体密度与品种的抗枯萎病性没有相关性。在幼苗中，低酚棉幼苗棉酚含量均显著高于有酚棉品种，但它们之间的抗枯萎病性也没有显著差异。在低酚棉与有酚棉品种杂交的Ｆ２代群体中，无色素腺体和稀色素腺体类型苗的抗病性明显高于腺体密度较高的类型苗。对７个杂交组合Ｆ２代中有色素腺体和无色素腺体幼苗的抗病性分析表明，无色素腺体类型苗的病指显著低于有色素腺体类型苗的病指。幼苗人工接种枯萎菌后，棉酚含量表现升高，但抗病品种低于感病品种。     

若干玉米胚乳突变体基因效应的研究

对５个玉米单隐性胚乳突变体、３个双隐性胚乳突变体的可溶性糖（还原糖、蔗糖）、水溶性多糖、淀粉、粗蛋白、赖氨酸含量测定，并对突变体种子结构扫描电镜观察。分析了玉米胚乳突主体的基因效应及其互作效应。     

A shattering-resistant mutant of Papaver bracteatum Lindl.: characterisation and inheritance

Summary Papaver bracteatum is a potential crop for the codeine industry. Seed shattering prevailing in the species is a major problem which reduces the seed yields. A spontaneous mutant with capsules having no pores of dehiscence was isolated in an experimental field. The seed yields of this shattering-resistant mutant are lower than in plants with normal capsules but the thebaine content of the capsules from the mutant is higher. The mutation is monogenic dominant; it can be used for breeding cultivars for dual purpose-thebaine and seeds.     

Introgression of a gene for delayed pigment gland morphogenesis from Gossypium bickii into upland cotton

The presence of gossypol and its derivatives above the WHO/FAO standards (0.02–0.04%) in cotton seed oil and meal limits its usage as food and feed. To the contrary, the presence of pigment glands filled with gossypol and its derivatives helps to protect cotton plants from phytophageous pests. Thus a desirable cultivar would have glandless seeds on a glanded plant. This paper describes results on the successful introgression of this trait from Gossypium bickii into cultivated upland cotton. Five different tri‐specific hybrids (ABH1, ABH2, ABH3, ABH4 and ABH5) were obtained by crossing the amphidiploid F₁ (G. arboreum × G. bickii) with different gland genotypes of G. hirsutum as male parent. The hybrids were highly sterile, and their chromosome configuration at meiosis metaphase 1 (M1) in pollen mother cell (PMC) was 2n = 52 = 41.04 I + 4.54 II + 0.57 III + 0.04 IV. All five hybrids were similar in morphological characters, except for the gland expression and gossypol contents. The hybrid (ABH3) derived from genotype Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ of upland cotton (a single gene dominant line) had completely introgressed the target trait of G. bickii. While ABH1 and ABH2, which derived from recessive (gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃) or dominant (GlGl) glandless upland cotton genotypes, had glandless seeds too, but the density and size of the glands on the plant were reduced significantly.