玉米Mutator转座子

Mutator转座子因其拷贝数高、正向突变频率高、倾向于插入低拷贝的DNA序列等独特的遗传特性，已成为基因组学研究中重要的诱变剂之一。本文对Mutator转座子的发现、Mutator家族的分类、Mutator转座子的特性、Mutator元件的表观调控、Mutator转座子标签在植物基因组学研究中的应用作了综述。对Mutator系统的研究进行了展望。     

在水稻突变体中分离逆转座子初报

利用水稻双子房突变体为材料，设计简并引物，扩增类copia逆转座子中最保守的RT区域，得到了3个克隆片段。序列测定表明，其中1个克隆片段中含有终止码，另外2个克隆片段分别命名为PR1和PR4，均为连续的编码区。与已知的其他逆转座子序列的比较及聚类分析表明，PR1和其他序列差异很大，自成一类；PR4与Rrt21关系最近，相同率高达95．1％，属于同一个家族。同26个水稻品种的杂交结果表明，PR1的拷贝数变化不大，而PR4则存在着广泛的多态性，暗示着可能有转座功能。     

植物转座子在基因克隆中的应用

本文系统介绍了目前中转座子的种类,结构特征和在基因转化,基因克隆等方面的应用新进展,同时也详细介绍了类copia逆转座子在水稻上的应用研究。     

棉铃虫膨胀线粒体基因组的鉴定与分析

以已公布的棉铃虫线粒体DNA序列对来自4头棉铃虫雄蛹的DNA的三代测序数据进行筛选,获得了11条与线粒体DNA有同源性的三代read序列,并根据其中的read 66003鉴定出了一种膨胀的线粒体基因组。该线粒体基因组大小为27 113 bp,其保守区域包含13个蛋白编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因以及1个AT富集区,与已公布的棉铃虫线粒体基因组的结构相似。膨胀区域位于cox1基因编码区内部,大小为11 467 bp,经预测含有一个完整的真核基因(依赖ATP的RNA解旋酶)以及多种转座元件的片段,但与线粒体DNA无同源性,也无I类或Ⅱ类内含子存在的证据。对田间和室内棉铃虫DNA样品的PCR扩增未能检测到膨胀线粒体基因组的存在。以上结果表明膨胀片段可能是细胞核DNA序列通过偶然的水平转移事件而整合到线粒体基因组中的,且该种膨胀方式的发生概率极低。本文报道的膨胀线粒体基因组为日后动物线粒体基因组学的研究提示了一种独特的变异方式。     

piggyBac转座子在畜牧兽医科学中应用研究进展

piggyBac（PB）转座子已被证明是一种高效的非病毒基因工程操作工具,现广泛用于基因操作和转基因动物研究中。借助PB转座子已获得转基因小鼠、鸡、猪、山羊等动物。文中重点就PB转座子在畜牧兽医科学研究中的应用进行综述。     

Pseudomonas for biological control of dutch elm disease. I. Labeling,detection and identification of pseudomonas isolates injected into elms; comparison of various methods

To understand the mechanisms involved in biological control of Dutch elm disease byPseudomonas, data were needed on the distribution of the introduced bacteria within elm and on the development of the bacterial population over a period of time.As traditional biochemical identification techniques are not suitable for distinguishment between individualPseudomonas isolates, three alternative approaches were compared.

玉米Mutator转座子突变体库研究进展

Mutator转座子以其高的正向突变率、倾向插入基因富含区和低拷贝序列区等独特的遗传特性,使其在玉米基因功能的研究以及突变体库的构建中发挥了重要的作用。本文从群体大小、群体优缺点以及利用途径等方面对Mutator介导的玉米突变体库作了详细的介绍,以期能为我国玉米基础研究工作者提供启示和借鉴。     

家蚕类mariner转座子相关序列分析

通过PCR克隆,从家蚕基因组中获得大小为975bp的DNA片段(登录号:EU352872),Blast搜寻结果显示,该片段DNA序列的52-449nt区域与野蚕mariner-like元件DNA(登录号:AB237562)的同源性达90%,推测为家蚕类mariner转座子相关序列,在乙酰胆碱酯酶基因的第5内含子、微卫星S1104-R序列、BmBRC-NZ3 mRNA终止码的下游序列、ErB·1基因的内含子均检测到家蚕类mariner元件相关序列的同源区,暗示家蚕类mariner元件在家蚕基因组中发生了多次转座,并在家蚕基因组的不同区域随着进化发生了歧化。     

Molecular Monitoring of hrpB-disrupted Mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Plants

A nonpathogenic mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum was produced by the insertion of transposon Tn4431. The mutagenized gene was then cloned from a genomic DNA library by the gene tagging method, using the labeled lux operon located on Tn4431 of pUCD623 as a hybridization probe. From nucleotide sequence analysis of the transposon-inserted genomic clone, the hrpB gene was shown to be disrupted by the inserted transposon. Tomato plants were inoculated with the hrpB-disrupted mutant bacteria, for which multiplication and translocation were then monitored using the colony hybridization method. In addition, the original pathogenic bacteria in which the lux operon had been functionally ligated with the genomic promoter were also used for inoculation and traced by their bioluminescence. Multiplication of the hrpB-disrupted mutant was suppressed initially in the invaded root tissues and then in upper hypocotyl after translocation, suggesting that the pathogenic strain of R. solanacearum overcomes at least two steps of host responses expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues. Thus, our approach for molecular monitoring of the bacteria enabled us to precisely analyze the infection behavior of the pathogenic bacteria in planta. Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 August 1999     

Alteration of wheat vernalization requirement by alien chromosome-mediated transposition of MITE

Under the changing climate, early flowering is advantageous to escape terminal heat and drought. Previously during evaluation of 14 chromosome introgression lines (ILs), we found three ILs that flowered a month earlier than their wheat background Chinese Spring (CS). This paper describes the cause of the early flowering in the ILs and provides insight into the evolution of spring wheat from the winter wheat. We used specific molecular markers for Vrn genes to determine its allelic composition. Phenotypic evaluations carried out under field conditions and in a growth chamber. Unlike the winter vrn-A1 allele of CS, the spring Vrn-A1 allele of the ILs had insertions of 222 and 131-bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter region. Sequence analysis indicated that the 222-bp insertion is similar to an insertion in the spring genotype, Triple Dirk D. Our results ruled out any possibility of outcrossing or contamination. Without vernalization, Vrn-A1 is highly expressed in the ILs compared to CS. We attribute the early flowering of the ILs to the insertion of the MITE in the promoter of Vrn-A1. The alien chromosome might mediate this insertion.