TM影像VI提取植被信息技术研究

应用规一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）、土壤调节植被指数（ＳＡＶＩ）和修正后的土壤调节植被指数（ＭＳＡＶＩ）,研究了ＴＭ影像植被信息的提取技术。结果表明,ＳＡＶＩ较之ＮＤＶＩ和ＭＳＡＶＩ,消除土壤背景影响和适应植被密度变化的能力更强,是植被信息提取效果较好的植被指数。使用ＳＡＶＩ,关键是要确定一个合适的土壤调节参数Ｌ,以最大限度地消除土壤背景的影响,ＳＡＶＩ提出时推荐的最佳Ｌ值（０．５）应用于卫片处理有很大局限性;基于研究结果,本文给出了适于不同植被条件卫片处理的最佳Ｌ取值。     

杉木正反交组合F_1代生理生化特性的比较研究

选择数量性状存在明显差异的９年生杉木正、反交组合Ｆ１代及其亲本、测定和分析其生理生化特性。结果表明：杉木种内杂交存在较明显的“母本效应”只要父母本选配恰当，获得超优势亲本的杂合体是完全可能的。     

几种抑制木薯采后生理性变质发生方法的比较

比较了热激、酸化和隔绝氧气3种处理对木薯采后生理性变质的影响，结果显示，热激和酸化都能在一定程度上延缓木薯PPD的发生，隔绝氧气是最为理想的抑制木薯PPD发生的方法。因此，通过过量表达或者干扰某些基因表达，降低以至于去除伤口处的氧气的方法将是防治木薯采后生理性变质的有效途径。     

果实软化衰老的生理生化机制

根据国内外有关果树果实软化衰老的研究现状，从细胞壁结构的变化，内容物含量的改变以及烯生物合成作用等３个方面综述了果实软化衰老的生理生化机制。     

循环曝气灌溉条件下小白菜生长及水分与养分利用

研究循环曝气灌溉对不同土壤作物水分及养分利用影响的规律可为循环曝气灌溉技术在不同土壤中的应用提供理论指导。以河南省3种典型土壤(郑州黏土、洛阳粉壤土和驻马店砂壤土)为供试对象,小白菜为供试作物,设置常规地下滴灌为对照组(CK)、循环曝气灌溉为试验组(CAI)开展盆栽试验,研究了循环曝气灌溉对作物生长生理指标及水分与养分利用的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,CAI可促进根系生长,其中郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土CAI根系活力分别显著增大46.36%和16.79%(P0.05),根干质量分别显著增大35.33%和26.22%(P0.05)。CAI处理净光合速率较CK有显著提高(P0.05),其中郑州黏土、洛阳粉壤土、驻马店砂壤土依次增大了17.69%、12.41%和21.43%。循环曝气处理有效提高了作物氮、磷、钾的吸收效率,其中,郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土氮素吸收量较CK分别显著提高23.68%和27.72%(P0.05);3种土壤CAI作物磷、钾吸收效率均有显著提高(P0.05),其中郑州黏土分别增加了27.54%和62.81%,洛阳粉壤土增加了25.20%和63.26%,驻马店砂壤土增加了26.86%和23.97%。循环曝气灌溉能显著提高小白菜产量和水分利用效率,其中,郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土小白菜地上部鲜质量较CK分别提高了58.42%和62.03%,水分利用效率分别提高了27.86%和16.47%。综合比较小白菜生长指标、产量、水分利用及养分吸收效率,郑州黏土循环曝气灌溉处理具有最为显著的改善作用。     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Two Kinds of Minipigs in Different Altitudes

This study was designed to compare the blood physiological and biochemical parameters between plateau Juema minipigs and plain Bama minipigs,and provide a theoretical basis for Juema minipigs served as experimental animals in the future.The blood samples of Juema minipigs were taken in Gannan,and the blood samples of the Bama minipigs were taken in Xi'an,24 blood physiological and biochemical parameters were tested using an automatic analyzer of blood cells and biochemistry.Between the plateau Juema minipigs and Bama minipigs,there were significant differences in PLT,RDW-CV and RDW-SD (P< 0.05) and extremely significant differences in RBC,HGB,HCT,MCH,MCMH,GGT,GLU and CRE (P< 0.01).The plateau Juema minipig had an altitude acclimatization,so it was better than Bama minipig in plateau medical science.     

Tracking change in a human‐dominated landscape: developing conservation guidelines using freshwater fish

• 1. To conserve biodiversity in a human‐dominated landscape, a science‐based inventory and monitoring plan is needed that quantifies existing resources, isolates drivers that maintain natural communities, determines harmful stressors, and links ecological drivers and human stressors. A tactical approach is proposed for conservation planning using freshwater fish at the Cape Cod National Seashore.
• 2. Freshwater fish are well studied and occur across environmental gradients. The lentic systems at the national park are relatively pristine yet are enveloped by a region of high population density. Using fish community data, three steps were taken for tracking anthropogenic impacts in a human dominated landscape. First, fish and potential drivers were sampled intensively along a gradient to determine which fish metrics reflect natural communities and which abiotic and biotic factors structure them. Second, emerging and existing regional human threats were identified. Third, these human threats were linked to the potential drivers that maintain natural communities to identify the most informative metrics to monitor and track change.
• 3. Fish communities, water quality, habitat, and food resources were sampled concurrently in 18 ponds in 1999 and 2000. Three common fish species explained 98% of variation in numbers across systems. Based on ecological relationships, pH, depth, vegetation, prey, and community complexity were determined to maintain biodiversity of freshwater fish communities.
• 4. The primary human threats here included: development‐related, land‐use changes; non‐point source pollution; eutrophication from septic systems; and introduced species that are a byproduct of high human visitation. These are common threats in many rapidly urbanized areas and are likely to have relevance to many sites.
• 5. To track the impact of emerging threats to freshwater ponds related to increased human population, monitoring changes in water quality, vegetated habitat, fish diversity, and trophic interactions are recommended.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soil Potassium Indices and Clay‐Sized Particles affecting Banana‐Wilt Expression Caused by Soil Fungus in Banana Plantation Development on Transported Volcanic Soils

Abstract

Relations among the expression of banana disease symptoms caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, soil potassium (K)–sodium (Na) properties [soluble K‐Na ratios (SK/SS), potential buffering capacity for K (KBC), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR)], and clay‐sized particles were evaluated in Sorribas plots from the Canary Islands. Soils were sampled in areas of Sorribas where banana plants show positive or negative wilting symptoms characteristic of Panama disease. The Bartoli method was used for soil dispersion (Na resin). This method was able to show a clear separation between diseased and disease‐free areas by the amount of clay‐sized particles. Results also show that the greatest SK/SS ratios and clay‐sized particles in soils from diseased areas could explain the increase of water‐stable aggregate mass in these soils and the release of available iron (Fe) to soil solution in diseased areas, at least in Sorribas cultivated soils under the arid climate conditions of the Canary Islands.     

发酵酸驴乳的生理功能研究初探

介绍了新型乳制品发酵酸驴乳的生理功能,酸驴乳的营养价值,及其维持肠道菌群微生态平衡的保健作用,分析了酸驴乳的发展现状和前景,为新品种发酵乳制品的研究,尤其是驴乳制品的研究开发提供依据。     

皂质芦荟细胞悬浮培养初探

试验初步研究了皂质芦荟细胞悬浮培养过程.比较了不同基本培养基、接种量对悬浮培养过程中细胞生长量的影响.采用正交设计方法,对影响皂质芦荟悬浮细胞生长的因素进行了优化研究.初步探讨了皂质芦荟在细胞生长周期里生理生化特性.结果表明:B5 培养基有利于细胞的增殖;每50 mL培养液中加入2 g愈伤组织的接种量为宜;筛选出最适激素组合为2,4-D 3.0mg/L KT0.5mg/L,葡萄糖25 g/LpH值5.8;皂质芦荟悬浮培养的生长周期为25 d,细胞增值率曲线呈S型;在悬浮细胞生长前期,pH值明显下降,在细胞对数生长期,pH值略有升高,并趋于平缓;总酚含量、POD、SOD均出现2个峰值,但出现时间不同,其变化趋势与细胞生长趋势呈正相关,PPO活性与细胞生长趋势呈负相关.