论海洋水产类高校图书馆个性化服务

个性化服务是高校图书馆发展的必然趋势,本文针对海洋水产类高校图书馆个性化服务在图书馆的运行机制、信息资源建设、协作联合、用户信息需求、个性化信息服务系统的技术体系、图书馆人员的学习培训等方面提出一些建议和思考,从而更好地为教学、科研、海洋经济和社会发展服务。     

三维海洋数值模型在东中国海鲐鱼渔场预报中的应用

根据1998-2011年7-12月的东中国海鲐鱼渔业数据,应用数理统计方法对中心渔场作业位置与海区表温的关系进行了定量分析。以北纬32°为界,将东中国海鲐鱼渔场分为北部黄海渔场和南部东海渔场两部分,分别给出了各月份北部和南部渔场的最适表温范围。基于海洋模式ECOM-si建立了东中国海区的三维温盐流数值模型,结合各月份的最适表温数据,初步建立了鲐鱼渔场渔情预报模块。应用此预报模块,对鲐鱼主要作业期(7-12月)的中心渔场位置进行了回报,结果与历史捕捞作业数据符合良好。数值模型结果再现了北部渔场8月份起在黄海深水区周边发展,10月达到最盛,11月渔场位置南移,12月基本位于黄海海盆深水区的过程;以及南部渔场8月最盛,10月起大降,11月和12月远离黑潮主轴西侧海域,西撤至100 m等深线附近的发展过程。结果表明所建立的三维温盐流海洋数值模型和初步建立的渔场、渔情预报模块适用于东中国海重要渔业渔场和渔情的预测、预报应用。     

海洋环境噪声的分类及其对海洋动物的影响

海洋环境条件特殊,地形复杂,海洋声学的研究进展相对缓慢。本文中对海洋环境噪声按频率范围进行了分类,包括极低频噪声、超低频及甚低频噪声和高频噪声,并探讨了海洋环境噪声对水产养殖动物及野生海洋动物（尤其是海洋哺乳动物）的影响,展望了海洋声学研究的前景。     

论辽宁省海洋牧场建设

根据辽宁省的实际情况,分析海洋牧场建设在辽宁省优化产业结构、保护海洋生态环境等方面的重要性。在此基础之上,探讨辽宁省海洋牧场建设的总体思路,提出基本建设原则,论述辽宁省海洋牧场建设的重点任务,提出保障措施,以为发展海洋牧场提供参考。     

海洋产业结构理论研究综述

对1980～2009年国内海洋产业结构的研究成果进行了整理,从产业结构演变、产业关联、主导产业选择、产业结构优化等方面对相关研究进行了综述。     

习近平关于海洋重要论述的哲学意蕴

习近平在沿海地区工作时对海洋有着深刻的认识,形成了一系列关于海洋的重要论述。习近平关于海洋的重要论述是将马克思主义哲学的基本原理与中国海洋事业实践相结合的典范,其中关于海洋经济、海洋文化、海洋生态、海洋合作和海洋权益的论述充分反映了马克思主义哲学的唯物论、辩证法、认识论思想内涵,是指导我国推进海洋强国建设的重要理论。     

我国先秦哲学中的“海洋”观念探索

伴随我国内陆文明的不断演进,海洋文明在我国也有一定的发展。早期人们形成的海洋观念影响到中国先秦哲学体系的建构。先秦诸子通过以海譬道、以海譬人、以海譬政来阐释其哲学观点的不乏其例。以海譬道表现为海洋成为探索天道的平台,进而成为抽象哲学之道的重要物象。以海譬人主要是通过海与陆的空间存在图景的不同来区分人的认知和境界的差异,以及用海洋喻道德的培养。以海譬政是以水譬政的延伸,表现出规范统治者谦下、仁爱的政治诉求,彰显了先秦政治哲学的特色。先秦哲学中的海洋观体现了先秦海洋文化中呈现出的丰富内涵和多样化表现形式。中国先秦在“天人合一”的宇宙观中以审美的方式去认知海洋,这一点区别于西方文明源头中把海洋当成征服的对象,彰显了人与海洋的和谐以及中国早期海洋文化的特色。     

Feeding ecology and population delineation of south‐eastern Atlantic and south‐western Indian Ocean humpback whales using stable isotope analysis

1. Population delineation is vital for effectively managing and protecting populations of all at‐risk species. Population boundaries of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales on their breeding and feeding grounds have not been fully resolved. A number of methods have been used to delineate breeding stocks of Southern Hemisphere humpbacks, but ecological characteristics determined via stable isotope analysis provide valuable information to contrast other data sources.
2. In this study, stable isotope analysis is used to investigate potential separation of humpback whale populations on Southern Hemisphere feeding grounds as evidenced by carbon and nitrogen isotope values in their skin as proxies of diet.
3. One hundred samples of whale skin obtained from biopsies in sampling localities off the coasts of Gabon, Mayotte (Mozambique Channel), and Madagascar were analysed for carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) stable isotope ratios. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean δ¹⁵N values for whales between the populations from Gabon and Madagascar (7.0 ± 0.1‰ and 7.6 ± 0.1‰), and Gabon and Mayotte (7.6 ± 0.1‰ and 7.2 ± 0.1‰), indicating that these breeding stocks are potentially visiting different areas of the feeding grounds outside of the breeding season.
4. The results from this study indicate that at least some breeding stocks may show fidelity to separate feeding areas and do not widely mix with individuals from other breeding stocks while feeding.

     

The Big Seaweed Search: Evaluating a citizen science project for a difficult to identify group of organisms

1. The Big Seaweed Search invites people to survey UK seashores for 14 conspicuous seaweeds. The science investigates: (i) impact of sea temperature rise; (ii) spread of non-native species; and (iii) impact of ocean acidification. Survey data submitted between June 2016 and May 2020 were analysed to evaluate and explore project directions in relation to citizen science project development.
2. Of the 378 surveys submitted, 1,414 people participated, contributing 1,531 person hours. Surveys were undertaken around the UK, with the highest proportion (46.7%) in the south west and the lowest (3.7%) in the north east.
3. After data verification, 1,007 (54%) records were accepted. Fucus serratus had the highest number of entries correctly identified (66%) and Undaria pinnatifida the lowest (5%), inferring that at least some seaweeds can be difficult to identify, although the overall misidentification rate was relatively low (c. 15%).
4. Apart from Alaria esculenta, U. pinnatifida and Saccharina latissima, the large brown seaweeds were abundant on at least some shores. Non-natives Sargassum muticum and Asparagopsis armata, were band-forming but in low numbers. Coralline algae, whilst band-forming on some shores, were most commonly patchy or sparse in abundance. Revisits, i.e. repeat surveys, at the same site with an interval of at least 1 year, are relatively low, with 18 sites revisited once and three sites revisited twice. Currently, data are insufficient to determine whether any changes in abundance could be detected.
5. This study highlights areas where project developments can enhance data quality and quantity, e.g. better identification resources, training programmes for dedicated volunteers, and an annual focus week of activities. The project framed around climate change impacts, aims to raise awareness of the ecological importance of, and threats faced by, this understudied habitat and introduce conservation concepts including the need to protect common species showing signs of decline.