Elevated CO2 does not exacerbate nutritional stress in larvae of a Pacific flatfish

Multiple aspects of climate change are expected to co‐occur such that ocean acidification will take place in conjunction with warming and a range of trophic changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that nutritional condition plays a significant role in the responses of invertebrates to ocean acidification, but similar studies have yet to be conducted with marine fishes. In this study, we examined the potential interactive effects of elevated CO₂ levels and nutritional stress on the growth and development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra). Separate experiments examined the effects of these two environmental stressors during the pre‐flexion (3–31 days) and post‐flexion (31–87 days) larval stages. In both stages, the larval feeding regime has a much larger impact on growth rates than did the CO₂ level, and there was no observed interaction between stressors. By 31 days post‐hatch, larvae in the high‐feeding treatment were 84.2% heavier than the fish in the low‐feeding treatments, but there was no significant effect of CO₂ level on body size or condition. While overall growth rates were faster during the pre‐flexion stage, the effects of food limitation were greater for post‐flexion larvae undergoing metamorphosis, with the high‐feeding treatment fish being 3.3 times as heavy as fish in the low‐feeding treatments. These results have important implications for understanding the impacts of the multi‐faceted nature of climate change on population productivity of commercial fish species in the North Pacific.     

基于海浪模拟的30万t级养殖工船单点锚泊系统设计的理论计算

深远海养殖工船是一种可移动的海上养殖平台,借助新型锚泊系统,用于深远海鱼类养殖,能够减少环境污染、提高水产品质量、躲避台风等自然灾害侵袭,较好地解决了传统养殖业发展不可持续的问题,是离岸养殖业发展的一个新方向。养殖工船的锚泊系统既不同于传统运输船舶临时锚泊系统,也不同于海洋工程的定位锚泊系统,并且与养殖工船的运营安全和成本控制密切相关,因此,对超大型养殖工船锚泊系统的设计和优化分析非常必要。本研究基于30万t级超大型养殖工船项目,开展单点锚泊系统设计及优化。通过WRF模式和三维变分同化系统（3DVAR）进行近岸风场模拟,利用高分辨率的风场模式连续模拟30年序列的锚地区域的风速年最大极值,基于Weibull型分布推算不同重现期的风速极值,并利用风场模式进行30年的波浪预报,采用有限体积三维全动力海流模型（FVCOM）进行水位和海流分析;借助Orcaflex软件开展船体与锚泊系统的时域耦合动力分析,输入海浪模拟结果,开展养殖工船锚泊系统分析,理论计算得到合适的锚链参数。结果表明：针对30万t级养殖工船,选取直径122 mm船用3级有档锚链,长度440 m,能够在6级海况下进行锚泊养殖作业,...     

West Nile virus infection in horses,Indian ocean

The circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in horses was investigated in the Southwest Indian ocean. In 2010, blood samples were collected from a total of 303 horses originating from Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and the Seychelles and tested for WNV-specific antibodies. An overall seroprevalence of 27.39% was detected in the Indian Ocean with the highest WNV antibody prevalence of 46.22% (95% CI: [37.4–55.2%]) in Madagascar. The age and origin of the horses were found to be associated with the WNV infection risk. This paper presents the first seroprevalence study investigating WN fever in horses in the Southwest Indian Ocean area and indicates a potential risk of infection for humans and animals. In order to gain a better understanding of WN transmission cycles, WNV surveillance needs to be implemented in each of the countries.     

凝石胶凝材料作为人工鱼礁材料的可行性研究Ⅱ——供试体附着生物种类与生物量

将用凝石胶凝材料制作的水灰比为0.60、0.55、0.49、0.44的4种凝石供试体和相同水灰比的4种水泥供试体同时投放到同一海域中进行150 d的生物附着对比试验,每隔30 d观察并测定1次供试体表面附着生物的种类和生物量.结果表明:1)投放第30天时,凝石供试体与水泥供试体均无生物附着;第60天、第90天、第120天时,两种供试体表面附着生物的种类相同,均为10种;第150天时,两种供试体表面附着生物的种类相同,均为13种,主要有孔石莼Ulva pertusa、刺参Apostichopus japonicus、虾夷马粪海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius、矮拟帽贝Patelloida pygmaea等.2)投放第60天和第90天时,凝石供试体附着生物总量低于水泥供试体,但第90天时,凝石供试体附着生物量的增加速度明显快于水泥供试体;第120天时,凝石供试体附着生物总量已超过水泥供试体;第150天时,凝石供试体附着生物量平均值为344.85 g/cm2,水泥供试体附着生物量平均值为260.15 g/cm2,凝石组明显高于水泥组.3)投放第150天时,4种水灰比的凝石供试体附着生物量平均值分别为58.63、79.32、89.66、117.25 g/cm2,可见在试验范围内,凝石供试体表面附着生物量随着水灰比的降低即凝石胶凝材料含量的增加而增大.试验表明,凝石胶凝材料作为人工鱼礁的造礁材料在生物附着方面比水泥具有优越性,因而凝石胶凝材料作为人工鱼礁造礁材料具有实用性.     

移动通信行业蓝海战略分析

基于战略布局图和战略转变框架的分析,移动运营商可构建聚焦农村信息化的买方价值因素,从而为广大农村地区创造信息价值,并从中获取竞争优势和持续性增长.     

锥齿轮传动贯流式水泵机组设计研究

根据淮河入海水道近期工程穿堤泵站扬程变幅大、低扬程工况运行时间相对较长的特点，设计中对水泵机组的结构选型进行了研究，在国内首先研制开发出新型圆锥齿轮传动贯流式水泵机组，并成功应用于工程实践，填补了国内空白。该机组结构简单、安装维护方便、运行效率高，值得推广应用。     

Are red-footed boobies Sula sula at risk from harvesting by humans on Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean?

The red-footed booby, Sula sula, has been hunted in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, eastern Indian Ocean, since first settlement in 1827. Formerly present throughout the islands, an estimated 30,000 pairs now breed only on isolated and uninhabited North Keeling Island. Despite legislative protection, illegal hunting for food remains a major conservation threat. Informants estimated that 2000-3000 birds are killed in most years and possibly as many as 10,000 in some years. Analysis of nest count data collected between 1985 and 2002 to assess long-term population trends showed no evidence of decline in nesting density. There was large inter-annual variation with substantial fluctuations which tended to be greater following significant cyclonic events. These results indicate that the level of illegal harvest during the study period has not negatively impacted the booby nesting population. Future management of seabird harvesting requires improved knowledge on the population's capacity to sustain harvesting, together with increased enforcement activity to control illegal harvest, and enhanced education programs to encourage change in community attitudes.     

福建沿海古民居雕饰的海洋情结解读

由于福建地处东南沿海，古民居雕饰具有明显的地域特色。雕饰审美上或多或少带上海洋情结，有着特殊的装饰效果。本文从古民居雕饰色彩、形态、题材和材料上探讨福建古民居雕饰所体现出海洋文化的精神内涵和文化特征。     

运用ABC曲线评价工程条件下杭州湾周围海域环境变迁

根据2001年和2003-2005年4个年度的2月、5月和8月对杭州湾附近水域（30°32′～30°50′N、121°53′～122°17′E）20个取样站12个航次的底上动物调查，结合洋山深水港工程建设，分析表明，2001年2月、5月和8月群落属于中度干扰条件下的群落结构，丰度曲线和生物量曲线出现较大程度的交叉；2003年2月、5月和8月的群落结构中，2003年2月群落的丰度曲线和生物量曲线出现一定程度的交叉，为中度干扰条件下的群落，2003年5月和8月，丰度曲线位于生物量曲线之上，属于群落整体受到干扰条件下的ABC曲线；从2004年2月、5月和8月到2005年2月、5月和8月群落ABC曲线结构可知，丰度曲线皆位于生物量曲线之上，群落整体受到外界干扰较大。洋山港工程于2002年6月开工，工程前的底上动物群落结构受到中等程度的干扰，开工后，从2003年到2005年的2、5和8月，群落结构总体受到较大干扰，说明工程对所研究区域总体有干扰影响，群落在2003年到2005年的ABC曲线与2001年的相比，差异较大，受工程建设干扰的程度加大。     

远洋中型单拖渔船中层拖网优化与试验

针对在中东大西洋海域作业的远洋中型单拖渔船缺乏捕捞小型中上层鱼类手段的现状,该研究通过分析大型中层拖网和中国近海大网目拖网的结构特点和水动力参数,综合大型中层拖网和近海大网目拖网的设计参数,优化设计了网口网目尺寸为12 m、网口周长分别为552、456和360 m 共3个规格的试验网,并进行模型试验和海上生产试验。结果表明：在拖速为2.31 m/s时,模型试验测得552型试验网（网口周长552 m）在L/S袖端间距L与长纲长度S之比为0.35、0.40、0.45 3种水平下的平均阻力为151.82 kN,网口高度为28.74 m;456型（网口周长456 m）的平均阻力为135.60 kN,网口高度为24.96 m;360型（网口周长360 m）的平均阻力为70.76 kN,网口高度为20.20 m。试验船在中东大西洋海域生产试验时,552型试验网平均拖速为2.06 m/s,平均每小时产量为0.13 t,456型试验网平均拖速为2.26 m/s,平均每小时产量为0.77 t,360型试验网平均拖速为2.52 m/s,平均每小时产量为1.13 t。中型拖网渔船使用中层拖网捕捞游泳能力较强的小型中上层鱼类,需要较高的拖速,作业拖速为2.31～2.57 m/s时产量较好。试验网具部分（不计网板、曳纲）的功率消耗占主机额定功率的11%～16%。研究结果有助于设计适合中国远洋中型拖网渔船的中层拖网。