红树蚬软体部营养成分分析与评价

【目的】分析红树蚬软体部营养成分并评价其营养价值,为红树蚬的开发与利用提供参考依据。【方法】测定150只采集于广西北海市廉州湾的野生红树蚬软体部的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸及脂肪酸等营养成分,并与10种贝类的营养成分进行比较分析,评价红树蚬的营养价值。【结果】红树蚬软体部（干样）中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为58.98%、4.37%和9.59%;检测出16种氨基酸,其中有8种必需氨基酸和6种呈味氨基酸,分别占氨基酸总量的35.20%和53.40%,蛋氨酸为第一限制氨基酸;检测出19种脂肪酸,包括7种饱和脂肪酸、4种单不饱和脂肪酸和8种多不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸及其中的二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸分别占脂肪酸总量的18.95%、2.37%和5.37%。【结论】红树蚬软体部蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低、营养均衡、营养价值较高,可食用并可作为天然调味品资源予以研究。     

Amino-Acid Resources in the Wild Progenitor of Wheats, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel — Polymorphisms and Predictability by Ecology and Isozymes

Amino acid contents were measured in 109 genotypes from 22 populations of wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, across its ecological range in Israel. Plants were grown outdoors on mesic Mr. Carmel, in a standardized environment, without irrigation and fertilization. T. dicoccoides was high in lysine and isoleucine contents as compared to six other species of wild wheats, but low in threonine and proline. Significant correlations were found among lysine and the other essential amino acids. Significant differences between Israeli populations of T. dicoccoides were found for isoleucine, methionine, leucine and threonine, but not for lysine, arginine, proline and glutamic acid. Significant differences between regions were only found in methionine. Ecological factors and allozyme markers appear to be good guidelines for predicting the ecogeographical location and allozymic constitution of specific elite amino acid genotypes, either singly or in combination. T. dicoccoides may be used in the future as a promising genetic resource for genetically improving the nutritional value of cultivated wheats.     

Spatiotemporal changes of nitrate and Vc contents in hydroponic lettuce treated with various nitrogen-free solutions

Abstract

Nowadays, off-season leafy vegetables are generally characterized by low vitamin C (Vc) content and high nitrate accumulation due to low light intensity inner protected systems and high-level nitrogen supply. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three kinds of nitrogen-free solution treatments before harvest on Vc and nitrate contents in expanded leaf blades, expanded leaf petioles and old leaves of hydroponic lettuce. The results showed that using nitrogen-free solutions could decrease nitrate contents of expanded leaf blades, expanded leaf petioles and old leaves, also nitrate contents in above parts reduced increasingly with treatment time extending. In addition, three nitrogen-free solution treatments increased the Vc content of expanded leaf blades instead of expanded leaf petioles and old leaves. There were instead of significant positive correlations between nitrate contents but Vc contents of expanded leaf blades, expanded leaf petioles and old leaves. To conclude, nitrogen disruption treatment before harvest could effectively reduce nitrate contents in edible parts of lettuce, and also improve Vc content in expanded leaf blade.     

凡纳滨对虾海水高位池养殖水体理化因子变化与营养状况分析

2008年4月至8月,在广东汕尾红海湾对虾海水高位池高密度养殖基地对养殖全程池塘水体进行周期性连续采样测试。结果显示,养殖过程水温、盐度和溶解氧波动较大,pH值从8.95~9.37下降至7.21~7.27,透明度从38~78 cm下降至20 cm;COD在养殖前中期即达到较高的水平,在10 mg.L-1左右波动;氨氮和亚硝氮在养殖中期积累增加,养殖后期急剧上升。养殖水体营养状况经历了贫营养-磷限制中度营养-氮限制潜在性富营养-磷中等限制潜在性富营养-磷限制潜在性富营养的变化,活性磷酸盐先于无机氮在养殖中期积累增加,但无机氮在养殖后期积累更加快速。结果表明,水质因子的波动和水体营养的不平衡明显影响对虾的健康生长,养殖过程要加强环境营养调控和微生物调控手段,养殖前期适当提高水体营养水平,养殖中后期强化代谢产物降解转化,减轻富营养化程度,同时要密切监控和及时调控溶解氧、pH值、氨氮和亚硝氮的变化,营造有利于对虾健康生长的良好水环境。     

4个菜用枸杞品种蛋白质及微量元素营养价值评价

分析4个菜用枸杞品种嫩茎叶的蛋白质、微量元素、维生素 C 等含量,采用模糊识别法和氨基酸系数比值法对菜用枸杞嫩茎叶蛋白质营养价值进行了评价。结果表明4个菜用枸杞品种含有较为丰富的蛋白质、微量元素和维生素 c,矿物质（Se 除外）含量均高于对照蔬菜,维生素 c 含量平均达到31 mg·hg－1,高于除卷心菜外的其他3种对照蔬菜。蛋白质含量为5．3～6．9％,是对照蔬菜平均值的4．2倍,同时必需氨基酸种类齐全,占总氨基酸的42％;菜用枸杞嫩茎叶蛋白质贴近度为0．8372～0．8569,氨基酸比值系数为65．63～68．67,仅次于芹菜,高于其他对照蔬菜。     

基于B/S模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统的实现

针对现有奶牛日粮诊断过程中只考虑日粮营养组分方面的因素造成的局限性,本文首次提出了将奶牛日粮营养组分与营养代谢性病两个因素综合考虑,并以此结果对日粮配方优化设计。基于web2.0技术,采用JSP+Tomcat+MySQL架构,建立了B/S（浏览器/服务器）模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统。该系统先进实用,能有效地解决奶牛日粮配方针对性不强、难以规避奶牛营养性疾病等问题。     

莲花花粉营养成分分析

对莲花花粉的主要营养成分进行了分析测定,结果发现,莲花花粉的含水量7.88%、灰分4.09%、脂肪5.59%、蛋白质15.26%、还原糖7.05%;维生素含量较高的有:VC102mg/100g,VE1.21mg/100g,VB10.6mg/100g,其它维生素未检测到;钾和镁的含量高于大多数花粉;17种氨基酸的含量为15.81%,7种人体必需氨基酸占44.23%,其中以谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸的含量最高,分别为2.24%和2.15%,胱氨酸含量最低,为0.14%;脂肪酸中以棕榈酸含量最高,相对含量为42.23%,亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸的相对含量分别为25.17%、12.83%和9.90%,PUFA/SFA比值为0.75。本文还首次测定了莲花花粉的水浸率和醇浸率,分别为49.70%和47.35%。建议结合抗氧化能力和测定主要活性成分含量,作为花粉质量控制的指标。     

马鹿花籽实豆奶加工工艺研究

对马鹿花籽实在食品加工方面的应用进行了初步的研究，综述探讨了马鹿花的营养成分及豆奶的加工生产工艺，并研制出营养丰富、风味独特的马鹿花豆奶。     

鸡蛋品质的营养调控

通过营养调控鸡蛋品质是近年来鸡营养研究的热点之一 ,本文综述了影响鸡蛋品质指标 (蛋重、蛋壳质量、蛋黄颜色、营养价值、孵化率 )的营养因素。     

五种盐生植物营养器官显微结构观察

通过对花花柴(Karelinia caspica)、甘蒙怪柳(Tamarix austromongolica)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)、长芒草(Stipa bungeana)五种盐生植物显微结构观察,这五种盐生植物营养器官的形态结构均呈现一定的适应性特征:⑴ 气孔器下陷,角质层加厚,表皮细胞排列紧密而整齐;⑵多为等面叶,叶片栅栏组织发达,或退化为鳞片状,而具同化枝;⑶茎、叶多为肉质化,贮水组织发达;⑷具有含晶细胞,枝叶具盐腺。