基于遥感的区域生态安全综合评价研究——以三峡库区忠县为例

Based on related literature and this research, an ecological security evaluation from the pixel scale to the small watershed or county scale was presented using remote sensing data and related models. With the driver-pressure, state and exposure to pollution-response (DPSER) model as a basis, a conceptual framework of regional ecological evaluation and an index system were established. The extraction and standardization of evaluation indices were carried out with GIS techniques, an information extraction model and a data standardization model. The conversion of regional ecological security results from the pixel scale to a small watershed or county scale was obtained with an evaluation model and a scaling model. Two conceptual scale conversion models of regional ecological security from the pixel scale to the county scale were proposed: 1) scale conversion of ecological security regime results from pixel to small watershed; and 2) scale conversion from pixel to county. These research results could provide useful ideas for regional ecological security evaluation as well as ecological and environmental management.     

大港三厂注水系统结垢趋势预测

在水质分析数据的基础上，采用水质分析软件和化学分析方法研究了大港油田采油三厂各注水系统的结垢类型和程度，并与实际垢样分析结果进行了比较，证明了预测结果的准确性。通过对各注水系统结垢影响因素（离子浓度、温度及压力）的研究，指出采油三厂各注水系统结垢的主要原因是流体中水质成分的影响，且外部条件的变化对结垢也有一定的影响。     

Explaining farmers’ reluctance to adopt green manure cover crops planting for sustainable agriculture in Northwest China

Green manure cover crops (GMCCs) planting has a potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in agroecosystems and provides important ecosystem services, thereby achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stipulated by the United Nations. However, the advantages of cultivating GMCCs on arable land are not widely recognized. For example, in the whole of China, the GMCCs planting area is less than 3.5% of total arable land. The aim of this study is to explore reasons for the low adoption rate of GMCCs planting. Using best–worst scaling (BWS) approach, farmers ranked their preferred conservation practices including three types of GMCC cropping systems. Taking Gansu Province in Northwest China as a case study, a survey with 276 farmers was conducted. The findings indicated that three factors are related to the low adoption rate of GMCCs: 1) farmers preferred improving farmland irrigation facilities and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic rather than planting GMCCs; 2) lack of awareness and understanding of government policy on GMCCs and limited access to training courses; 3) financial support and subsidies from the government are insufficient. This study provides insights and strategic implications for policymakers on how to further promote GMCCs in the future.     

基于形态-结构-功能多维评价体系的耕地保护分区研究

耕地保护分区是科学实施耕地保护措施和引导耕地可持续利用的重要依据。以晋中市为研究区域,从耕地形态、耕地结构和利用功能3个维度构建耕地保护分区评价指标,并在三维特征耦合分析基础上,将耕地保护区划分为4种类型。结果表明：耕地形态受地形地貌影响,聚集型斑块主要分布在汾河沟谷和黄土堆积地貌区,散布型耕地斑块分布在剥蚀构造和剥蚀侵蚀地貌区;耕地质量在空间上呈现弱的正相关性,集聚类型以HH和LL为主,累计面积占比为60.19%,HL和LH型零星分布在全区域;功能协调区域主要分布在晋中市西部,其耕地综合利用潜力较大,功能不协调区主要表现为生态功能高于生产、经济功能或经济功能高于生态、生产功能两种情况;根据耕地形态、耕地结构和利用功能等三维耦合分类,将晋中市耕地保护区分为永久农田建设区、土地整治潜力区、农业结构调整区和生态修复退耕区,其中永久农田建设区面积占比最大,为48.79%。     

运用虚拟化教学平台技术搭建技能型人才培训应用系统

运用虚拟化教学平台技术搭建技能型人才培训应用系统的几个关键技术。重点对虚拟化教学平台的架构、双工交互虚拟教学核心、网络布局以及平台搭建进行阐述。以服务端-客户端为基本应用单位,建立具备实时交互的教学核心系统,利用定位设备和坐标转换技术实现空间对象操控模拟环境,采用树形结构搭建扩大规模的网络化教学平台。结合技能型人才培训所需要的平台环境,主要对实时环境、容错与健壮性、可扩展与定制等指标的需求,在虚拟化教学平台的基础上针对技能型人才培训应用系统进行模板定制,以实现其应用系统。     

LJ—1沥青乳化剂研究

研究了用酸化法从黑液中提取碱木素的工艺。用芦苇碱木素为原料,通过新的合成路线制备了LJ-1沥青乳化剂。LJ-1沥青乳化剂是慢裂型阳离子沥青乳化剂,乳化性能良好,各项性能均达到JTJ014-86标准,适于稀浆封层拌合摊铺等施工技术。LJ-1沥青乳化剂的生产成本,比国內同类产品低20％多,用量少(20％-50％)。生产LJ-1沥青乳化剂具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

广东山区土壤有机碳空间变异的尺度效应

研究土壤有机碳的尺度效应能够为区域生态环境保护和确定合理的土壤取样间距提供科学依据。采用土壤类型法估算了广东山区表层(0-20 cm)和全剖面(0-100 cm)土壤有机碳密度,选择4条采样带,获取采样间距为250 m的土壤有机碳密度序列,并利用离散小波变换工具对其进行多尺度分解,得到2×250 m、2²×250 m、2³×250 m、2⁴×250 m、2⁵×250 m和2⁶×250 m 6个分解尺度上的小波信息,计算小波信息方差。结果表明:土壤有机碳密度具有较强的空间异质性,其空间异质性的大小受控于不同尺度下土壤有机碳密度分布格局的主导因子影响程度;整体上在大于等于1 km的尺度,其空间异质性较强;各个样带特征尺度的差异与各样带的土壤和植被类型、地貌特征以及土地利用方式、耕作管理方式等人类活动干扰强度有关。     

数字金融对农户多维相对贫困影响研究

随着现行标准下我国绝对贫困问题的解决,缓解多维相对贫困将成为新时代扶贫工作的重点,因此发挥数字金融优势缓解农户多维相对贫困具有重要的现实意义。基于中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,采用A-F方法、Probit模型和中介效应模型,分析数字金融对农户多维相对贫困的影响,探讨其影响机制和地区异质性。结果表明,农户使用数字金融占比为39.7%,说明使用数字金融的农户数量仍相对较低。农户多维相对贫困以脆弱型和一般型相对贫困群体为主,发展能力已成为缓解相对贫困的关键维度,西部地区仍是我国相对贫困的集中区域。数字金融能够有效减缓农户多维相对贫困,对脆弱型多维相对贫困缓解效果更好,从不同维度来看,数字金融对缓解发展能力贫困和经济能力贫困影响程度更深;进一步地,数字金融能够通过提高农户金融素养缓解农户多维相对贫困现象。从异质性分析来看,数字金融能更好降低东部地区的农户多维相对贫困发生概率。据此,提出继续推进农村和中西部地区数字化建设,加强数字金融相关知识技能的宣传与针对性指导,推进数字征信在农村地区发展等政策建议。     

Analysis on the pilling factors of cashmere knitted fabric

The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis.