WiMAX用于海洋渔业通信系统中的探讨

介绍了WiMAX技术的特点和WiMAX系统的组成结构,探讨了WiMAX用于海洋渔业通信系统中的可行性及重要意义,并将WiMAX技术与传统海洋渔业通信技术进行了对比,提出了未来建立“五网合一”海洋渔业安全通信系统的设想方案。     

海洋动物核糖体RNA基因的结构特征和功能进化

核糖体普遍存在于各种细胞中,由大小两个亚基组成,是细胞中进行合成蛋白质的场所。核糖体组成成分为核糖体RNA以及蛋白质。核糖体RNA基因被广泛应用于海洋动物研究中,本文着重介绍海洋动物核糖体RNA基因的结构特征以及功能进化,供生物进化、分子系统学、系统发育以及海洋动物分类和种质鉴定等研究者参考。     

2株红树林淤泥放线菌的鉴定及抗菌活性研究

【目的】对分离自广西北海红树林海洋淤泥中的2株放线菌(BH200951、BH200954)进行鉴定,并对其抗菌活性进行分析。【方法】对BH200951与BH200954 2株典型放线菌的形态特征及生理生化特征进行了观测,并采用医学药敏试验方法对其抗菌活性进行了测定,最后提取2株菌株的总DNA,用放线菌通用引物对其16 SrDNA进行PCR扩增,对获得的扩增结果进行DNA序列测定,采用邻接法构建其与其他典型菌株的系统发育树。【结果】在高氏1号培养基上,BH200951和BH200954菌株生长良好,菌落分别呈灰白色和黄色,菌落皱褶,致密坚实;在光学显微镜下观察发现,2株菌株气生菌丝发达,呈深灰色,成熟后生成孢子丝;能使明胶液化,淀粉、纤维素水解,牛奶凝固而不胨化;对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、普通变形杆菌均有较好的抑制作用。经测序后比对显示,2株放线菌菌株均属于链霉菌属,其中BH200951鉴定为链霉菌属(Streptomyces aurantiogriseus)AY999773的变种;BH200954初步鉴定为链霉菌属的仙台链霉菌。【结论】对分离自广西北海红树林海洋淤泥放线菌BH200951和BH200954菌株进行了鉴定,其发酵产物具有明显的抗菌活性。     

温盐环境突变对海蜇幼体生存的影响

为配合2005年辽东湾渔场海蜇人工增殖放流项目，笔者对人工放流过程中，海蜇幼体由于从育苗室人海而引起的温盐环境突变以及在长途运输过程中引起的死亡率进行实验研究，其死亡率直接影响到海蜇的回捕率，进而对辽东湾渔场海蜇的资源量造成影响。实验中发现，在超出海蜇生存最佳盐度范围（20～30），海蜇在高温（30℃、35℃）条件下，较高盐度组（35、40）较较低盐度组（15、20）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。同时，在低温（10℃、15℃）条件下，较低盐度组（15、20）较较高盐度组（35、40）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。     

Diversity,Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics of the Cultivable Gut Microbiota of Ciona intestinalis

It is widely accepted that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to the health and well-being of its host. The solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis emerges as a model organism for studying host–microbe interactions taking place in the gut, however, the potential of its gut-associated microbiota for marine biodiscovery remains unexploited. In this study, we set out to investigate the diversity, chemical space, and pharmacological potential of the gut-associated microbiota of C. intestinalis collected from the Baltic and North Seas. In a culture-based approach, we isolated 61 bacterial and 40 fungal strains affiliated to 33 different microbial genera, indicating a rich and diverse gut microbiota dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In vitro screening of the crude microbial extracts indicated their antibacterial (64% of extracts), anticancer (22%), and/or antifungal (11%) potential. Nine microbial crude extracts were prioritized for in-depth metabolome mining by a bioactivity- and chemical diversity-based selection procedure. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics combining automated (feature-based molecular networking and in silico dereplication) and manual approaches significantly improved the annotation rates. A high chemical diversity was detected where peptides and polyketides were the predominant classes. Many compounds remained unknown, including two putatively novel lipopeptides produced by a Trichoderma sp. strain. This is the first study assessing the chemical and pharmacological profile of the cultivable gut microbiota of C. intestinalis.     

Metabolites of Marine Sediment-Derived Fungi: Actual Trends of Biological Activity Studies

Marine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020.     

Comparative Metabologenomics Analysis of Polar Actinomycetes

Biosynthetic and chemical datasets are the two major pillars for microbial drug discovery in the omics era. Despite the advancement of analysis tools and platforms for multi-strain metabolomics and genomics, linking these information sources remains a considerable bottleneck in strain prioritisation and natural product discovery. In this study, molecular networking of the 100 metabolite extracts derived from applying the OSMAC approach to 25 Polar bacterial strains, showed growth media specificity and potential chemical novelty was suggested. Moreover, the metabolite extracts were screened for antibacterial activity and promising selective bioactivity against drug-persistent pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was observed. Genome sequencing data were combined with metabolomics experiments in the recently developed computational approach, NPLinker, which was used to link BGC and molecular features to prioritise strains for further investigation based on biosynthetic and chemical information. Herein, we putatively identified the known metabolites ectoine and chrloramphenicol which, through NPLinker, were linked to their associated BGCs. The metabologenomics approach followed in this study can potentially be applied to any large microbial datasets for accelerating the discovery of new (bioactive) specialised metabolites.     

Small-Scale Preparation of Fluorescently Labeled Chemical Probes from Marine Cyclic Peptides,Kapakahines A and F

A number of bioactive marine natural products have been isolated so far, but it is still difficult to disclose their modes of action. In this study, we prepared fluorescently labeled chemical probes from the cytotoxic marine cyclic peptides kapakahines A (1) and F (2) to visualize their localization as the first step of the study of their modes of action. We used fluorescent dyes 3a or 3a/b (a 1:1 mixture of 3a and 3b) whose terminal N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) group can react with the free amino groups of kapakahines. The fluorescently labeled kapakahine A (Kap A-5-FL, 5a) stained P388 murine leukemia cells and HeLa human cervical cancer cells, while cells treated with fluorescently labeled kapakahine F (Kap F-5-FL, 6a) only weakly stained them. Further analysis of the confocal images of the stained cells with higher magnification (×100) indicated the localization of Kap A-5-FL (5a) in the cells. In this paper, we report the small-scale preparation and a new delivery method of fluorescent probes, as well as the application of these procedures to cell staining.     

A Metataxonomic Approach Reveals Diversified Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges

Marine sponges commonly host a repertoire of bacterial-associated organisms, which significantly contribute to their health and survival by producing several anti-predatory molecules. Many of these compounds are produced by sponge-associated bacteria and represent an incredible source of novel bioactive metabolites with biotechnological relevance. Although most investigations are focused on tropical and temperate species, to date, few studies have described the composition of microbiota hosted by Antarctic sponges and the secondary metabolites that they produce. The investigation was conducted on four sponges collected from two different sites in the framework of the XXXIV Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA) in November–December 2018. Collected species were characterized as Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) dancoi, Hemigellius pilosus and Microxina sarai by morphological analysis of spicules and amplification of four molecular markers. Metataxonomic analysis of these four Antarctic sponges revealed a considerable abundance of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. In particular, M. (Oxymycale) acerata, displayed several genera of great interest, such as Endozoicomonas, Rubritalea, Ulvibacter, Fulvivirga and Colwellia. On the other hand, the sponges H. pilosus and H. (Rhizoniera) dancoi hosted bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudhongella, Roseobacter and Bdellovibrio, whereas M. sarai was the sole species showing some strains affiliated to the genus Polaribacter. Considering that most of the bacteria identified in the present study are known to produce valuable secondary metabolites, the four Antarctic sponges could be proposed as potential tools for the discovery of novel pharmacologically active compounds.