基于CiteSpace的海岸带生态恢复知识图谱分析

[目的]对海岸带生态恢复研究进行全面系统的分析,探究该研究领域的热点趋势和主题演进,以了解当前国内外研究现状。[方法]以Web of Science核心数据库中1996—2019年有关海岸带生态恢复的866篇文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace 5.3分析软件,对关键词时区演化图谱和文献共被引网络图谱进行科学分析。[结果]①海岸带生态恢复研究大致可分为初期、稳定增长期和拓展期3个阶段,其中"生态系统服务"、"围填海"、"气候变化"等关键词近几年成为高频词;②研究内容主要集中在海岸带生态环境基础研究、生态恢复工程和生态管理3个方面。[结论]围填海造成的海岸带景观格局变化、科学评估海岸带生态系统服务,以及"蓝碳"对全球气候变化的影响将成为该领域今后一段时期的研究热点。     

从叙词表到知识图谱的构建研究与实践

长久以来,图书情报领域致力于设计用于组织和管理大量知识信息的工具,这些工具通常被称为知识组织系统或者受控词汇表。由于多个社区和商业标准的长期独立开发,导致了各种不同的知识组织系统的出现,例如主题标引系统、叙词表、分类法等[1]。叙词表具有用、代、属、分、参等特性,存储上具有网状关系,文章采用知识图谱结构对其进行存储,使其数据推理上具有较好的效果。文章主要对以1990年《机械工程叙词表—第二版》为基本对象[2],将传统知识组织系统《机械工程叙词表》的数据重构、清洗成本文设计的SKOS结构的知识本体,使用数据存储技术,将《机械工程叙词表》的叙词转换为SKOS结构存储在图数据库Neo4j。这样的数据整理和处理,使得知识大型系统中的知识组织规范和管理大量信息数据成为可能。     

论工程造价技术人员应具备的基础知识和基本技能

工程造价可以作为衡量某一项目的总投资和分项投资是否具有合理性和投资效益的重要依据之一。同时,工程造价对于诸如评价、宏观调控、投资预测以及投资成本控制等方面都具有十分重要的职能作用。而从事该专业的技术人员的专业水平的高低,直接影响着工程造价数据的准确性。     

芥菜型油菜A9染色体物理图谱构建和结构变异分析

以四川黄籽自交系和紫叶芥自交系多次杂交形成的F6代重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,运用基因分析技术,构建芥菜型油菜遗传图谱。采用锚定BAC的方法,构建重叠群,最终构建了由16个重叠群共计538个BAC组成的芥菜型油菜A9染色体物理图谱,参考芥菜基因组,估计该物理图谱长度为46.26 Mb,与已发表的白菜、甘蓝型油菜和芥菜参考基因组进行比较,发现芥菜型油菜A9染色体均发生了倒位和缺失等结构变异。     

基于知识元的突发灾害事故动态情景模型

针对非常规突发灾害事故情景建模中信息资源丰富但来源众多、异质特性明显及微观分析不足等问题,研究采用知识元表示法,从突发灾害事故的情景状态、应急救援活动、孕灾环境及承灾体4个角度进行描述,结合灾害事故演变不确定性、自组织性的特点,构建了基于动态贝叶斯网络的灾害事故动态情景模型。利用青岛"11·22"输油管道泄漏爆炸事故,验证了基于知识元和贝叶斯网络的非常规突发灾害事故动态情景模型的科学性和有效性。结果表明:动态情景模型的情景演化路径与实际管道泄漏事故演化的顺序基本相同。研究结果可为制定非常规突发灾害事故的预防方案提供一定的参考依据。     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.     

Genetics of self-compatibility in a self-incompatible wild diploid potato species Solanum chacoense. 2. Localization of an S locus inhibitor (Sli) gene on the potato genome using DNA markers

A self-compatible (SC) hybrid plant F₁-1 was obtained from a cross between a SC variant of a wild diploid potato species, Solanum chacoense, and a self-incompatible (SI) cultivated diploid species, S. phureja. The clone F₁-1 has previously been proposed to have a dominant S locus inhibitor gene (Sli) in a heterozygous condition. It was crossed as a male parent with a selected clone from a S. stenotomum-S. phureja population, resulting in a segregating population consisting of 116 hybrid plants. Self-compatibility was assessed by selfing each of the hybrids. Sixty-six of them were SC, while 35 were SI, showing a significant distortion from an expected Mendelian ratio of 1:1. A genetic linkage map was constructed using DNA markers to localize the Sli gene. A total of 28 RAPD and 127 RFLP markers identified 109 mapping positions on 12 linkage groups. The Sli gene was mapped at a distal end of chromosome 12. Since the S locus has been localized on chromosome 1 on the potato RFLP map, it is confirmed that the Sli gene is independent of the S locus. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Challenging the boundaries of local and scientific knowledge in Australia: Opportunities for social learning in managing temperate upland pastures

Evidence of an emerging focus on the role of farmer knowledge in developed countries is highlighted by the debate on the nature of local and scientific knowledge. Less attention has been paid to the interaction of different ways of knowing for sustainable capital-intensive agriculture. This paper explores the relationship between local and scientific knowledge in managing temperate pasture and grazing systems in Australia. The nature of farmer knowledge is firstly examined by describing the experiences of farm families in managing native and introduced perennial grasses in upland areas of the Murray-Darling Basin. The building of knowledge and skills through social learning was explored in group case studies and interviews with stakeholders involved in pasture research and development. The interchange of local and scientific knowledge in groups was shown to have a synergistic effect, whereby local knowledge was broadened and strengthened, and scientific knowledge adapted and molded to specific situations. The effectiveness of social learning was greatest in collaborative programs based on small, local groups involved in monitoring and evaluation of whole farm pasture and grazing systems.     

Bibliography: Farmer knowledge and management of crop disease

Nearly all contemporary people subsist on cultivated plants, most of which are vulnerable to diseases. Yet, there have been few studies of what traditional people know – and do not know – about crop disease. Agricultural scientists in general are becoming aware of the potential contribution of social scientists and farmers in developing integrated management of crop diseases. The International Potato Center (CIP) has focused on stimulating farmer-scientist collaboration in developing management of late blight, a major fungal disease of potatoes and other plants. Understanding farmers' knowledge of this and other plant diseases is an important element in furthering such collaboration. Although not all agricultural scientists recognize the value of social science, this literature search shows that some agricultural scientists now actively collaborate with farmers, in ways that cross the boundary into social science research. During this search, much of the work we found was written by plant pathologists and entomologists. We found over fifty publications on farmer knowledge of crop disease, and we have annotated the material that we thought most relevant to farmer- scientist collaboration for research of crop diseases, especially late blight.