高温胁迫下冷季型草坪草的耐热性评价

对5个典型冷季型草坪草品种在海南进行耐热性试验.在大田高温胁迫环境下,草坪草热害症状最初表现为叶片发生萎蔫,生长率减缓或停滞,但其是否受害却最先反映在叶片灼伤率上,受害最终表现为草坪盖度和根系生长量的下降.叶片灼伤率是判断草坪草早期是否受到热伤害最敏感的指标.耐热性评价结果:Pacer高羊茅Festuc atundincea cv.Pacer＞Houndog高羊茅F.arundinacea cv.Houndog＞Merit草地早熟禾Poa pratensis cv.Merit＞Derby黑麦草Lolium pernne cv.Derby＞Cobra匍匐翦股颖Agrostis palustris cv.Cobra.28～36 ℃可认为是冷季型草坪草的临界受害温度区间,28～32 ℃为初始受害温度区间,32～36 ℃为致死温度区间.     

宁夏南部山区退耕还林后草畜产业发展探讨——以海原县为例

退耕还林政策对加强生态建设,优化农村产业结构,促进农村经济发展,推进西部大开发和全面建设小康社会具有重大的意义。文章在对宁夏南部山区退耕还林的情况实地调研的工作基础之上,通过对宁南山区、海原县草畜产业基础数据的比较分析和定量分析,建立草畜产业生产过程的灰色控制模型,找出草蓄产业发展的优势及存在的问题,提出海原县应加强政府管理、扶持龙头企业、延长产业链条、加大科技支撑等解决对策。     

氯霉素在草鱼和复合四倍体异育银鲫体内的比较药代动力学

研究并比较了给草鱼和复合四倍体异育银鲫（简称高倍体鲫鱼）单次腹腔注射氯霉素１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ后的药代动力学特征。采用ＨＰＬＣ测定血液中氯霉素的浓度。试验期间水温为（２０±２）℃。结果表明,氯霉素在这２种鱼体内的处置过程相似,均可用带一级吸收的二室开放模型进行描述;药物从腹腔吸收迅速,给药后分别在０．９２ｈ和０．６３ｈ血中浓度达到高峰,无吸收时滞;在草鱼和高倍体鲫鱼体内药物的ｔ１２β相近,分别为１１．９ｈ和１１．１ｈ,但体清除率（ＣｌＢ）相差较大;氯霉素在高倍体鲫鱼体内比在草鱼体内有更强的亲组织性,总表观分布容积（Ｖｄ）分别为２．０７和１．２０Ｌ／ｋｇ。     

草鱼MYH mRNA表达量分析中采用的内参基因稳定性比较

本研究分别以β-actin、18SrRNA和GAPDH为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR对草鱼早期发育时期肌球蛋白重链（myosin heavy light,MYH）基因的mRNA表达量进行分析,并比较不同内参基因对MYH基因mRNA表达水平检测结果的准确性。研究结果表明,以β-actin和GAPDH作为内参,MYH基因mRNA表达水平完全一致,其表达量从原肠到仔鱼阶段逐次递增,仔鱼与原肠期阶段相比表达量差异显著;当采用18S rRNA作为内参时,MYH基因mRNA在发育阶段的表达量呈不稳定状态。因此,β-actin和GAPDH均可作为内参基因,用于草鱼早期发育中MYH基因mRNA的相对定量研究;而18S rRNA作为内参时,可能会对检测结果造成偏差。本研究不仅准确的揭示了草鱼MYH基因mRNA的表达特征,并且为荧光定量PCR技术在鱼类基因表达研究方面提供了有价值的参考。     

Hydraulic conductivity and porosity under conventional and no-tillage and the effect of three species of cover crop in northern France

We studied soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity in five combinations of soil tillage and cover crop management systems. Treatments were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a conventionally tilled soil (CT), on a no‐till soil (NT), and on an NT with three different cover crops: red fescue (Festuca rubra L.; Fr), bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Lc) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; Ms). Measurements were made on a loamy soil in Grignon, France, in November 2004, May 2005 and October 2005. K and mean size of hydraulically active pores were measured in situ at three water potentials (?0.6, ?0.2 and ?0.05 kPa) at the soil surface and at 10 cm depth. In November 2004 and May 2005, pore space was described using 2D image analysis of pores on undisturbed soil samples in the 0–10 cm layer and in the 10–20 cm layer. The major differences were caused by soil tillage that created two heterogeneous soil layers and increased K in the 0–10 cm layer relative to NT. The effects of cover crop on K and porosity were not affected by the root type: there were no major differences between the grass cover crop (fibrous‐root type) and the leguminous ones (tap‐root type). However, we recorded larger functional pores and more tubules in the no‐till treatments with a cover crop, compared with the no‐till treatment without cover crop; this was probably the result of root activity. Although these changes generally did not result in larger values of K, they participated in the maintenance of soil structure and K over time.     

不同比例香根草日粮对沼泽性水牛尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响

试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,利用4头18月龄,体质量为(262±17.9)kg处于生长期的泰国沼泽性水牛,通过饲喂粗料中4种不同比例香根草的日粮,观察每单位可消化有机物质尿嘌呤衍生物排泄量(PD/DOMI)的变化,来研究不同日粮对水牛尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)排出量的影响.结果表明,随着香根草在粗料中比例的增大,尿囊素(Allantoin)、尿酸(Uric acid)及总嘌呤衍生物(total PD)的排出量都增加,且日粮间差异显著(P<0.05),而黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤(Xan-thine+hypoxanthine)的排出量在各个日粮间差异不显著(P>0.05);PD/DOMI随着日粮中香根草含量的增加,在日粮间差异不显著(P>0.05).研究说明香根草占粗料50%时,对水牛尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)的排泄量影响最大(PD的排出量:17.5 mmol/d,PD/DOMI:6.11 mmol/kg).     

推广人工种草技术发展草食牲畜

人工种草能促进农、林、果、渔、蜂、药材、畜牧业及旅游业的兴旺，能有效地防止水土流失，绿化人类环境，是一项加快山区经济建设发展的费省效宏项目。     

果洛地区多年生牧草引种试验初报

在果洛地区两个试验点同时进行２５种牧草的引种试验和室内发芽试验。结果表明：１１种禾草和２种豆科牧草表现良好，６种禾草和１种豆科牧草一般，３种禾草和１种豆科牧草农现差。     

牧草收割机械的现状和发展趋势

针对浙江省牧草畜牧业和草坪种植业的发展,分析了国内外草业收割机械的现状以及浙江省发展牧草收割机械的机遇,并提出浙江省牧草收割机械应向价格低廉、与已普及的农机具配套使用、适合小田块和丘陵地区作业的牧草收割机械方向发展,认为研制一种既能适用于牧草收割与荒地杂草的整理又能适用于绿化草坪的维护和修剪的中小型割草机是十分必要的.     

Effects of density on growth and survival of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), reared under laboratory conditions

The aim of this study was to quantify the importance of population density on the growth and survival of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and to understand the effects of density on both the period between moults and the increment per moult at high densities without food limitation. A laboratory experiment was performed to determine growth and survival of juvenile crayfish at five densities (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 crayfish m^?2). Density clearly affected crayfish growth. The impact of density on final weight was higher than on total length increase, growth rate and final length (FL) (by decreasing order of effect). When comparing minimum and maximum densities, we observed that FL suffered a 34% reduction. Number of moults, mean intermoult period (IP) and survival were not significantly affected by density. Our results indicated that the IP and the percentage of increment per moult are affected by the size of crayfish before moult and we provide equations for these relations. Our findings are relevant both for crayfish aquaculture management and for the management of wild or harvested rice‐field crayfish populations.