不同株型冬小麦冠层结构特征多时相分析

同一株型不同生育期、不同株型相同生育期其结构参数均具有不同的变化特点,了解其变化,一方面有利于区分不同株型结构,进一步提高LAI（叶面积指数）等指标参数的遥感反演精度,另一方面可用于定量作物肥水管理,提高肥水利用效率。该文结合冬小麦整个生育期,在北京小汤山试验基地开展两期品种试验,对比分析实测冠层多角度光谱及结构参数,得出通过多角度光谱数据区分株型的最佳波段是红光波段,两期LAI与平均叶倾角(ALA)变化均表明,最佳时期为拔节期;起身期至拔节期所选试验品种均体现直立型品种LAI大于披散型品种。2009年试验表明利用J411 4月底LAI变化趋势差异也可较好的区分作物株型;披散型品种9428特征尺度变化出现“跷板”效应,可以作为株型识别的依据之一。     

紫花苜蓿幼苗耐盐性的近红外光谱鉴定

紫花苜蓿幼苗耐盐性快速鉴定对于耐盐种质资源筛选和耐盐新品种选育具有重要意义。脯氨酸和丙二醛是表征植物耐盐性的两种重要生化指标。研究应用便携式近红外仪和近红外光谱分析技术,结合偏最小二乘回归法,研究了40个不同紫花苜蓿品种幼苗耐盐性的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量,建立了新鲜样品和干燥样品的近红外漫反射光谱定量分析模型。研究结果表明：脯氨酸、丙二醛的近红外漫反射光谱分析效果均较好,校正模型决定系数R2 和验证集样品预测值与常规分析测定值的验证决定系数r2都大于0.85,两种样品脯氨酸的相对分析误差RPD值分别为1.72     

基于稳态空间分辨光谱的猪肉肌红蛋白检测方法

The objective of this work was to determine the concentration of myoglobin in fresh pork meat and establish a fast non-invasive method using steady spatially-resolved spectroscopy (SRS). The concentration of myoglobin was calculated based on absorbance coefficients at 640, 760, 800, 850 nm. The results showed that the value of myoglobin using SRS was significantly correlated (r2=0.955) to traditional methods with the accuracy of 3.6%F.S. The results showed that the concentration of myoglobin can be measured by using near infrared steady spatially-resolved spectroscopy.     

The effects of compost in a rice–wheat cropping system on aggregate size,carbon and nitrogen content of the size–density fraction and chemical composition of soil organic matter,as shown by 13C CP NMR spectroscopy

We investigated whether the long‐term application of compost from agricultural waste improved soil physical structure, fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. In 2006, we began a long‐term field experiment based on a rice–wheat rotation cropping system, having a control without fertilizer (NF) and three treatments: chemical fertilizers (CF), pig manure compost (PMC) and a prilled mixture of PMC and inorganic fertilizers (OICF). Following the harvest of wheat in 2010, the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates and the concentration of C and N in bulk soil (0–20 cm; <2 mm fraction) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in PMC and NF plots than in CF or OICF plots. Pig manure compost significantly increased the proportion of >5‐mm aggregates, whereas CF significantly increased the proportion of 0.45‐ to 1‐mm aggregates. The C and N contents of all density fractions were greater in PMC than in other treatments with levels decreasing in the following order: free particulate organic matter (fPOM) >occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) > mineral‐combined SOM (mineral–SOM). Solid‐state ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra showed that alkyl C/O‐alkyl C ratios and aromatic component levels of SOM were smaller in PMC and OICF plots than in CF plots, suggesting that SOM in PMC and OICF plots was less degraded than that in CF plots. Nevertheless, yields of wheat in PMC and NF plots were smaller than those in CF and OICF plots, indicating that conditions for producing large grain yields did not maintain soil fertility.     

牛瘤胃胃电频谱分析中窗函数的选择

采用三种常用的窗口函数，对牛瘤胃４ 种生理状态下胃电（峰电位和慢电位）的频谱进行了分析比较，得出了不同窗函数下频谱中幅值的特性，并分析确定了作者课题组频谱分析时的窗口函数——汉宁窗。     

温室机器人道路识别与路径导航研究——基于红外测距

针对温室内移动机器人的应用需求,提出了一种基于红外线测距的温室机器人自主导航算法,并使用模糊算法对导航误差进行控制,实现了温室机器人的精确自主移动功能。温室机器人导航过程中,当红外线接收管接受到红外线信号时,会产生一个光强电流,电流放大后可以输出一个模拟电压;根据电压值,通过编程计算,利用电压和距离的对应关系,可以得到机器人和标志物的距离误差;距离信息通过串口传输到PC机上,PC机利用模糊控制原理对距离误差进行判断,发出控制指令。实验测试发现:机器人导航的距离偏差平均值为-1.28cm,均方差为2.68,超调较小,可以实现较为精确的导航。     

气吸式玉米播种机排种监测系统研究

为了对播种机的工作状况进行实时监测,对播种过程中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞情况及时报警,设计了一种对播种机作业中的各项参数实时监测系统。系统以嵌入式微处理器和红外光电传感器为主要部件,通过无线通信的方式与上位机进行数据的传输,对播种作业中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞及时进行声光报警,并通过上位机软件对所需的参数实时显示。试验结果表明:该系统工作稳定,对故障的报警准确率较高,有效提高了播种质量。     

木霉菌Td系列菌株代谢产物的室内抑菌谱研究

利用摇床液体发酵、氯仿萃取木霉菌的代谢产物,采用菌丝生长速度法测定了3个木霉菌菌株的发酵代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌、番茄枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、立枯丝核菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯胞病菌和花生网斑病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,3个木霉菌株代谢产物对7种病原真菌均具有抑制作用,且抑菌作用强度和抑菌谱存在一定的菌株特异性。木霉菌株Td10的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用最强,Td31的代谢产物对苹果轮纹病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑制作用最强,而Td100的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用较强;3个木霉菌株的代谢产物对花生网斑病菌抑制作用均较弱。     

用 1/N 展开法研究钨的能谱

用玻色子1／N展开技术研究了6个钨同位素的能谱和约化电磁跃迁概率B(E2)．结果表明，展开式的高阶项十分重要，6个核的能级能量的理论值和实验值的方均根差，最大的是154keV，最小的只有11keV，符合得令人满意．而且理论能正确地符合实验方面跃迁概率的“回弯”现象．     

雾灵山亚高山草甸植物群落生活型谱分析

对雾灵山亚高山草甸52种植物生活型谱的分析，得到以下结果：高位芽和地上芽植物各1种，分别占总种数的1.92％；地面芽植物和隐芽植物占绝对多数，分别为31种和16种，占总数的59.62％和30.77％；1a生植物有3种，占5.77％。表明该地区的气候特征为：夏季较短，冬季漫长，气候严寒而潮湿。