不同盐度海水对锯缘青蟹幼蟹生长变态的影响

实验室条件下比较了盐度为0、3.38‰、6.76‰、10.14‰、13.52‰、16.99‰条件下锯缘青蟹由二期幼蟹至六期幼蟹的生长变态情况。初步结果表明:青蟹幼蟹在变态为四期幼蟹之前,对环境盐度条件有较高的要求:盐度低于10‰,将延长其变态周期和降低成活率;四期幼蟹以后对盐度的适应能力明显增强,此阶段适当降低盐度,将有助于缩短其蜕壳周期。     

高锰酸钾防治对虾幼体聚缩虫病的研究

在对虾育苗期间,以选择施用0.5ppm和1ppm高锰酸钾、换水补药的方式为预防措施,以泼洒2～4ppm高锰酸钾短期药浴为应急治疗方法,连续2年在对虾育苗生产中取得了抑制和杀灭聚缩虫病成功率为100％,每立方水体生产15～25万尾仔虾的良好效果。育苗水体长期施用0.5～1ppm高锰酸钾对对虾幼体、单胞藻、卤虫无毒害作用,对微粒饵料、水质因子亦无不良影响。高锰酸钾施用方便,成本低廉,投入成本只占万尾虾苗售价的万分之一左右,便于在大生产中推广应用。     

罗氏沼虾早苗的中间培育及成虾高产养殖

介绍了在塑料棚控温土地内对罗氏沼虾早繁苗进行放养前中间培育及池塘成虾高产养殖的具体过程和方法，探讨了罗氏沼虾早苗中间培育和成虾养殖的一些技术问题。     

Changes in thyroid hormone levels in eggs and larvae and in iodide uptake by eggs of coho and chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutsch andO. tschawytscha

Developmental profiles of thyroxin (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and radioactive iodide uptake were established for eggs and T₄ and T₃ profiles were established for larvae (whole-body, yolk-only and body-only) of coho and chinook salmon. T₄ and T₃ were consistently present in all samples. In eggs, hormone levels remained fairly constant in all cohorst for at least the first three weeks of incubation, but then fluctuated in both directions in some sample groups. Large increases in T₄ (from 9 ng/g to 245 ng/g) were seen in 1985 chinook eggs 28 days after fertilization. Radioactive iodide uptake (which was used as a possible indicator of thyroxinogenesis) increased at least 10-fold in both 1986 coho and chinook eggs from 23–30 days after fertilization. T₄ (62 ng/g) and T₃ (393 ng/g) were found in the bodies of 28-day-old 1986 chinook embryos. In whole larvae, hormone levels varied depending upon the cohort studied. In general, initial body-only concentrations of both T₄ and T₃ decreased as body weight increased, but before yolksac resorption was completed, both thyroid hormone content and concentration increased (except for chinook T₃). T₄ and T₃ content in larval yolk stayed constant as yolksac size decreased, resulting in increased thyroid hormone concentration in the yolksac. All of these data suggest that the initial source of thyroid hormones in coho and chinook salmon eggs is maternal, but that by approximately 3–4 weeks after fertilization, the developing embryos begin to produce their own thyroid hormones. After hatching, increases in tissue T₄ and T₃ concentration coupled with constant T₄ and T₃ content in diminishing yolksacs suggest that larvae also produce their own thyroid hormones; yolksac content then may reflect both the original maternal hormones and the larva-producted hormones.     

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.     

太平洋牡蛎控温育苗高产技术

介绍了太平洋牡蛎亲贝的选择和促熟，获卵与孵化，幼虫发育和培育技术，以及附苗和单体牡蛎苗种生产方法。     

Histological and histochemical changes in the digestive tract of white sturgeon larvae during ontogeny

Ontogenetic changes in digestive tract histology and digestive enzyme histochemistry were investigated 11 to 36 days post-hatch in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus larvae. From initiation of exogenous feeding (12 days post-hatch), larvae were fed a commercial salmonid diet for the ensuing 24 days. The digestive system of white sturgeon displayed a high degree of morphologic organization and functionality at the onset of exogenous feeding. An enhancement of digestive capacities occurred with transition to active feeding. On day 2 of feeding, there was a clear increase of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and -glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the brush border of the spiral intestine. This strong activity is an apparent confirmation of the importance of this segment of the intestine for protein digestion and nutrient absorption. The functional development of the pyloric intestine occurred on day 4 and was concomitant with an increase in the activity of brush border and cytoplasmic enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, dipeptidyl peptidase II, - and -galactosidases. The absence of acetylcholinesterase, lactase, nonspecific esterase, and weak activity of exopeptidases and alkaline phosphatase in the anterior intestine suggests that this segment of the intestine may be less important in nutrient absorption than the pyloric and spiral intestines. The observed quantitative and qualitative differences in enzyme activity along the intestine indicate a high degree of specialization of each segment for specific digestive and absorptive processes.     

仔稚鱼的极性脂——磷脂研究进展

总结了饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼在成活率、生长、抗御外部压力的耐受性以及畸形鱼发生率等方面的重要作用。饲料中缺乏磷脂对仔稚鱼的影响比对幼鱼的影响更明显 ,仔稚鱼饲料中的磷脂含量应高于幼鱼饲料中磷脂的含量。仔稚鱼对饲料磷脂中的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰肌醇的需要量占饲料的 1%～ 3% (干重 )。用磷脂作为必需脂肪酸和能量的来源在仔稚鱼中的消化率高于中性脂的消化率。饲料磷脂可以增强仔稚鱼体内的脂类运输能力