紫杉醇脂质体联合替吉奥新辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌疗效观察

目的探讨紫杉醇脂质体联合替吉奥新辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌疗效。方法 32例病理诊断确诊为Ⅱ~Ⅲ期进展期胃癌患者,未接受过抗肿瘤治疗,无严重心肺疾病。采用DS方案:紫杉醇脂质体125mg/m2静脉滴注,d 1;替吉奥胶囊,每次60 mg/m2,Bid,口服,d 1~14;每21d重复,共3~4个周期,评估疗效并观察不良反应。结果 32例患者中完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)28例,稳定(SD)2例,进展(PD)1例,客观缓解率(OR)为90.6%(29/32)。发生骨髓抑制13例(40.62%),胃肠道反应16例(50%)。均接受了根治性切除,无围手术期死亡病例。结论紫杉醇脂质体联合替吉奥新辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌安全可行。     

GASTRIC EMPTYING OF SOLID RADIOPAQUE MARKERS IN HEALTHY DOGS

The gastric emptying of 1.5 mm diameter (small) and 5.0 mm diameter (large) radiopaque markers (BIPS) was assessed in 20 dogs. The markers were fed to the dogs in a test meal and abdominal radiographs were made hourly thereafter. Studies were repeated three times in each dog. The variation between two veterinarians interpreting the radiographs was low. The sex, age and day of the study did not have a significant effect on the lag phase or the time taken to empty 25%, 50% and 75% of the markers (T₂₅, T₅₀ and T₇₅ respectively). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between the body weight and T₅₀. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying parameters between the large and small markers.
The mean gastric emptying versus time curve of the small markers on day one was chosen to represent the reference curve for healthy dogs. The lag phase of the small markers on day one was 2.45 ± 2.04 hours, the T₂₅ was 4.85 ± 2.15 hours, the T₅₀ was 6.05 ± 2.99 hours and the T₇₅ was 8.32 ± 2.72 hours (mean ± SD).     

SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SOLID-PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN THE DOG

A technique for scintigraphically quantitating solid-phase gastric emptying in the dog was developed in a Beagle model. The test meal was determined to empty in a linear fashion, indicating a solid-phase label. The evaluation was performed on a group of dogs presented for gastrointestinal signs that were judged to have normal liquid barium sulfate fluoroscopic and radiographic studies. The results of this study indicate that this technique is valuable for identifying those patients with surgically correctable pyloric obstruction that exhibit normal gastric emptying of liquid barium.     

Canine and feline emphysematous gastritis may be differentiated from gastric emphysema based on clinical and imaging characteristics: Five cases

Gastric pneumatosis is an imaging finding defined as the presence of gas foci in the gastric wall. In humans, this imaging feature can result from one of two separate clinical entities: life‐threatening emphysematous gastritis or clinically benign gastric emphysema. This retrospective case series study describes the clinical and imaging features in five animals diagnosed with spontaneous gastric pneumatosis without gastric dilatation‐volvulus. Three canine and two feline cases of spontaneous gastric pneumatosis were identified on radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. In addition to gastric pneumatosis, one dog and two cats presented concomitant systemic signs such as lethargy, hematemesis, anemia, or leukocytosis. Two dogs remained asymptomatic or presented mild gastrointestinal signs. Portal gas was described in two dogs and one cat, and pneumoperitoneum in one dog. These features were not considered clinically significant. The dog and two cats with systemic signs were euthanized due to clinical deterioration and diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis. The gastric pneumatosis of both dogs without systemic signs resolved while on medical management without antibiotic therapy. These latter cases were interpreted as consistent with gastric emphysema. Findings from the current study indicated that gastric pneumatosis can occur without gastric dilatation‐volvulus in cats and dogs and that a combination of clinical and imaging characteristics may help to differentiate between potentially life‐threatening emphysematous gastritis and relatively benign gastric emphysema. More studies are needed to determine the etiology and risk factors associated with these conditions.     

Characterization of virulence properties of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains of different origins

In this study, the virulence heterogeneity of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains of different origins was analysed on different levels. On one hand, the survival of L. monocytogenes strains in synthetic gastric fluid was studied. On the other hand, the pathogenic potential of strains with different inlB expression levels was analysed in an A/J mouse model for gastrointestinal listeriosis. Differences in survival capacity in gastric fluid and in in vivo virulence potential were observed between the tested strains. No clear correlation between the origin and the obtained data could be made. However, these results confirm the existence of heterogeneity in virulence potential of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains.     

Phenylbutazone induces equine glandular gastric disease without decreasing prostaglandin E2 concentrations

In equids, phenylbutazone at high doses induces gastric disease, primarily in the glandular portion of the stomach. However, the mechanism of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced gastric disease in horses has yet to be determined. While phenylbutazone‐associated ulceration is often attributed to a decrease in basal gastric prostaglandins, this has not been demonstrated in the horse. Twelve horses were randomly assigned to treatment (n  = 6; 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone PO in 20 ml molasses q 12 hr for 7 days) or placebo (n  = 6; 20 ml molasses PO q 12 hr for 7 days) groups. Before treatment and 3 and 7 days after initiation of treatment, gastroscopy was performed and glandular gastric biopsies were collected and frozen at ?80°C. Glandular disease was assessed on a scale of 0–4. Prostaglandin E₂ concentrations in biopsies were measured using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All phenylbutazone‐treated horses developed grade ≥2 glandular disease. Prostaglandin concentrations increased over time (p  = .0017), but there was no effect of treatment (p  = .49). These findings indicate that despite induction of glandular disease grade ≥2, phenylbutazone did not decrease basal glandular gastric prostaglandin E₂ concentration.     

Changes in cardiovascular performance,biochemistry, gastric motility and muscle temperature induced by acute exercise on a treadmill in healthy military dogs

Changes in physiological parameters that are induced by acute exercise on a treadmill in healthy military dogs have not been thoroughly investigated, especially with regard to age. This study investigated the effects of acute exercise on a treadmill on cardiovascular function, biochemical parameters and gastric antral motility in military dogs. Thermography was used to assess variations in superficial hindlimb muscle temperature. Nine healthy dogs were distributed into three groups according to their age (Group I: 25 ± 7 months; Group II: 51 ± 12 months; Group III: 95 ± 10 months) and sequentially subjected to running exercise on a treadmill for 12 min (3.2 km/h at 0° incline for 4 min, 6.4 km/h at 0° incline for 4 min and 6.4 km/h at 10° incline for 4 min). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), gastric motility, haematocrit and biochemical analyses were performed at rest and after each session of treadmill exercise. Infrared thermographic images of muscles in the pelvic member were taken. Exercise decreased DAP in Group I, increased systolic arterial pressure in Groups II and III and increased mean arterial pressure in Group III (all p < 0.05). After the exercise protocol, plasma creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased only in Group I (p < 0.05). Exercise increased heart rate and decreased the gastric motility of a solid meal at 180 min in all groups (all p < 0.05). Exercise also elevated temperature in the femoral biceps muscles in Group I compared with the older dogs. The results indicate that acute exercise decreased gastric motility in dogs, regardless of age, and caused more pronounced cardiovascular changes in older dogs than in younger dogs. Acute exercise also altered biochemical parameters and superficial hindlimb muscle temperature in younger military dogs.     

排烟温度与锅炉效率

本文简单论述了排烟温度对锅炉效率的影响,以及负荷、煤种对排烟温度的影响.