Oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen to evaluate gastric emptying profiles of Shiba goats

The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen was investigated following oral dosing to Shiba goats in order to evaluate the properties of gastric emptying. Acetaminophen was intravenously and orally administered at 30 mg/kg body weight to goats using a crossover design with a 3-week washout period. The stability of acetaminophen in rumen juice was also assessed. Acetaminophen concentrations were measured by HPLC. Since acetaminophen was stable in rumen juice for 24 hr, the extremely low bioavailability (16%) was attributed to its hepatic extensive first-pass effect. The mean absorption time and absorption half-life were unexpectedly short (4.93 and 3.35 hr, respectively), indicating its marked absorption from the forestomach, which may have been due to its smaller molecular weight. Therefore, acetaminophen was considered to be unsuitable for evaluating gastric emptying in Shiba goats.     

中华鳖胃黏膜和胃腺上皮细胞的超微结构

用透射电子显微镜观察15只健康中华鳖的胃黏膜上皮和腺上皮细胞的超微构造。结果显示，胃黏膜上皮为单层高柱状，细胞上部胞质中充满黏液性颗粒，其形状多样化；上皮中有少量淡染的亮细胞，其结构与周围细胞基本相同，只是数量有差异；上皮细胞之间具有明显的细胞连接。胃腺上皮细胞还未分化为独立的主细胞和盐酸细胞，但腺体细胞的结构同时具备两种细胞的特征，即既有发达的细胞内小管和丰富的线粒体，又有大量膜包分泌颗粒和粗面内质网。上述结果表明，中华鳖胃黏膜上皮具有分泌黏液的细胞结构：一种胃腺细胞可同时执行分泌盐酸和胃蛋白酶原的功能。     

复方万年青胶囊联合氟尿嘧啶注射液(5-FU)对胃癌荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用及其抗癌机制研究

目的 探讨复方万年青胶囊联合氟尿嘧啶注射液(5-FU)对胃癌荷瘤小鼠NF-kb p65/p38水平的影响及其免疫调节作用,为明确药效机制提供实验依据.方法 ①建立BALB/c小鼠胃癌皮下移植肿瘤模型,除空白组外,将成瘤小鼠随机平分为6组,即模型对照组、5-FU对照组(70mg/kg)、复方万年青胶囊1倍临床剂量对照组(...     

美国红鱼的胃排空率

在实验室内,25℃条件下测定了体长为22.8±2.6cm、体重为237.8±74.2g的美国红鱼的胃排空率,并比较了线性、指数、平方根3种常用数学模型对其排空曲线的拟合程度。统计检验结果表明,3种数学模型都能很好地拟合实验数据,但通过统计学进一步分析发现,不论是用湿重还是用干重表示胃含物时都以线性模型拟合得最好,用湿重表示胃含物时,其模型为Y=92.93-3.33t(R2=0.94,P<0.001);用干重表示胃含物时,其模型为Y=97.00-3.36t(R2=0.91,P<0.001)。实验还得出在该条件下美国红鱼的胃排空率为每小时排出摄入食物量的3%~4%或每小时排出胃内残余食物量的6%~7%。     

老龄贵州小型猪胃黏膜5-HT-IR及SS-IR细胞的初步观察

【目的】观察、比较分析老龄贵州小型猪胃内分泌细胞的形态、数量和分布。【方法】采集老龄和青年贵州小型猪的胃,取胃的不同部位(贲门、胃体、胃窦),用免疫组织化学染色法分别对老龄和青年贵州小型猪胃黏膜中的5-羟色胺(5-HT)、生长抑素(SS)细胞染色,在400倍视野中观察其形态及分布,并进行计数,比较老龄与青年贵州小型猪胃黏膜的差异。【结果】老龄和青年贵州小型猪胃黏膜中的5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞呈锥形、圆形、卵圆形等多种形态;分布不均匀,分别主要分布于胃腺的体部、底部或黏膜表面上皮细胞之间。老龄贵州小型猪胃窦5-HT-IR阳性细胞数较贲门极显著增加(P<0.01),胃体较贲门显著增加(P<0.05);胃窦SS-IR阳性细胞数较贲门极显著增加(P<0.01),而胃体与贲门差异不显著。老龄贵州小型猪5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞数较青年贵州小型猪明显减少,且差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。【结论】老龄贵州小型猪胃黏膜5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞的形态、分布规律与青年贵州小型猪相似,但分泌5-HT、SS的细胞数量减少,提示老龄贵州小型猪的胃黏膜内分泌功能减退。     

加减藿朴夏苓汤配合胃动力仪治疗功能性消化不良脾胃湿热证疗效观察

目的 观察加减藿朴夏苓汤配合胃动力仪治疗功能性消化不良脾胃湿热证患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将71例功能性消化不良脾胃湿热证患者按照随机数字表法分为综合治疗组（简称综合组）31例、中药治疗组（简称中药组）及西药治疗组（简称西药组）各20例。综合组予加减藿朴夏苓汤口服,配合胃动力治疗仪治疗;中药组予加减藿朴夏苓汤口服;西药组予盐酸伊托必利片、泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊口服,3组疗程均为2周。治疗结束后对疾病疗效、中医证候积分变化、VAS评分及不良反应进行统计分析。结果 综合组总有效率为96.8%,优于中药组的80.0%及西药组的75.0%（P<0.05）。3组治疗后中医证候总积分及上腹疼痛VAS评分较治疗前均明显降低（P<0.05）,且综合组降低更为显著（P<0.05）。综合组及中药组未出现明显的不良反应。结论 加减藿朴夏苓汤配合胃动力仪治疗功能性消化不良脾胃湿热证患者疗效优于单纯中药或西药治疗,能有效缓解临床症状,安全无副作用,值得临床推广。     

应用聚类分析探讨胃癌术后中医证型分布规律的临床研究

目的 探讨胃癌术后中医证型分布规律,为进一步研究胃癌术后病机规律及中医药防治胃癌术后复发转移提供理论依据。方法 设计《胃癌术后患者中医症状调查表》对2013年10月至2015年6月符合纳入标准的胃癌术后患者进行前瞻性调查,采集数据,应用聚类分析方法得出结论。结果 胃癌术后症状及舌脉象条目共55条,得出胃癌术后最常见证型：脾胃虚寒证、脾虚湿毒证、胃阴亏虚证、瘀阻胃络证、肝胃不和证、胃肠气滞证及脾气虚证。结论 运用前瞻性调查,采用聚类分析方法,得出胃癌术后最常见证型：脾胃虚寒证、脾虚湿毒证、胃阴亏虚证、瘀阻胃络证、肝胃不和证、胃肠气滞证及脾气虚证。     

Digestive dynamics during chyme formation of Octopus maya (Mollusca,Cephalopoda)

In the present study, digestive dynamics, measured through the changes in the in situ pH along the digestive tract, was evaluated along with the glycogen concentration in the digestive gland (DG) and the proteolytic enzyme activity of the gastric juice (GJ) (both acid and alkaline proteases) to obtain useful information that will allow for the understanding of the DG's function and the role that it plays as an extracellular digestive enzyme source and for energy storage, providing new information on the digestive physiology of Octopus maya. The results showed that pH along the digestive tract changed according to the postprandial time following the food transit. At the beginning, the pH on crop (St) was 5, changing to 6 when the food arrived. Similar changes were observed on the caecum (Ce) and DG. Glycogen from DG is used as a source of energy during digestion and recovered 8 h after feeding. Maximum activities of digestive gland GJ enzymes were observed 6 h after feeding, indicating that chyme enzymes are still active when they arrive at the DG's lumen. The presence of food in the digestive tract modifies the pH, which, in combination with GJ, favours the activity of the released enzymes of O. maya.     

An Improved Grey Relation Model of Safety Evaluations of Evacuation from High rise Building Fires

Based on a study of the time process of individual evacuees in high rise building fires, we found that the low security influencing factor will affect the possibility of successful evacuation severely. The traditional grey relational grade cannot reflect the effect of the grey relational coefficient fluctuation. Moreover, the single weight calculation with a subjective or objective weight will also directly affect the evaluation result of safe evacuation during high rise building fires. Based on these analyses, the grey Euclid relative grade was applied to indicate the effect of the grey relational coefficient fluctuation. The Spearman correlative rating coefficient was used to combine the subjective and objective weights to eliminate the deficiency of the single weight case. We discuss the possibility of applying the improved grey relational evaluation. Comparing the evaluation results, we found that the weight combination and grey Euclid relation applied in a safety evaluation model can improve evaluation result accuracy. The evaluation model thus corresponds to the characteristics of high rise building fires and the weight set substantially affects the evaluation result.