不同冻结与解冻方法对毛豆仁品质的影响

冻结、解冻的方法对速冻蔬菜的品质有着极其重要的影响。为探明冻结和解冻方法对毛豆仁品质的影响,该研究测定了不同冻结与解冻处理后毛豆仁各项营养、理化指标的变化。结果表明:不同冻结和解冻方法对毛豆仁汁液流失率、VC、叶绿素、硬度和微观结构影响的程度不同,快速冻结能够较好地保存毛豆仁营养、硬度以及组织结构;快速冻结毛豆仁,25℃鼓风解冻后其品质较好;不同解冻方法对慢速冻结毛豆仁营养、硬度及组织结构等影响较小。     

无液氮冷冻小鼠精子的研究

目前实验室通常用液氮加冷冻保护剂法保存小鼠精子,这种方法操作复杂而且会带来一定的安全隐患。通过对受精能力、胚胎发育潜能和胚胎组蛋白H3第4位赖氨酸残基位点上三甲基化(H3K4-TriM)的比较,探讨-20℃不加冷冻保护剂冷冻小鼠精子的效果。结果表明,-20℃不加冷冻保护剂冷冻的精子能通过单精子卵胞浆内注射重建受精能力,保持较好的胚胎发育潜能,不改变其早期胚胎H3K4-TriM的组蛋白修饰模式。可见,-20℃保存小鼠精子的方法简单、有效,有一定的应用价值。     

长白山枯落物碳分解动态研究

在长白山地区选取典型植物红松、蒙古栎等枯落物进行室内培养试验,对比各种枯落物冻融处理CO2排放速率和对照处理CO2排放速率,并对培养结束后残留枯落物营养元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:冻融处理下CO2排放速率低于对照处理下CO2排放速率,不同枯落物的冻融处理和对照处理CO2排放速率整体都显示出随着培养时间增加呈下降的趋势,而且冻融处理下不同枯落物种类在培养期间CO2排放速率波动趋势表现出较大差异。冻融处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量大于对照处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量。     

Responses of Pinus massoniana and Pinus taeda to freezing in temperate forests in central China

Abstract

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), a native species widely distributed in temperate forests in central China, and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), an exotic tree species introduced to China from southeastern United States, are dominant evergreen conifers that play a pivotal role in maintaining forest structure and functions for the region. We examined the effects of freezing on these species with chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage using both field- and laboratory-based experiments in September 2009 and January 2010, respectively. We found that freezing could cause a greater impact on the Loblolly pine than the Masson pine. Although the two species showed similar values of F _v /F _m and electrolyte leakage before freezing, the Masson pine needles showed lower F _v /F _m and higher electrolyte leakage ratios than those of the Loblolly pine when treated in low temperatures (?15 to 0°C). We also found that cold-acclimation was crucial for both species to adapt to low temperatures with the F _v /F _m ratio decreased approximately by 80% in the first freezing hour for the non-acclimated needles of both species while the cold-acclimated needles showed little changes in the F _v /F _m ratio. This finding is also supported by our measurements of electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that the Loblolly pine could be more susceptible to freezing damages than the Masson pine in central China.     

盛果期花椒树低温冻害应对措施

为了指导甘肃花椒主产区预防盛果期花椒树低温冻害和灾后对树体进行科学管理,通过试验总结出了盛果期花椒树应对低温冻害的综合措施,包括健壮树体、树体保暖的基础措施,喷药防冻、喷水防冻、熏烟防冻的应急措施,以及及时补救、肥水控施、树体管控的灾后措施。     

苜蓿叶象甲的耐寒性研究

为探讨苜蓿叶象甲(Hypera postica)的耐寒性,测定了不同虫态以及越冬成虫的过冷却点和冰点.结果表明,苜蓿叶象甲成虫、长翅型蛹、短翅型蛹、四龄幼虫以及三龄幼虫的过冷却点依次为-20.46、-10.34、-9.55、-10.0和-9.75℃,冰点依次为-18.24、-6.68、-6.52,-7.52和-7.86...     

低温冻害对黔南州农作物的生产影响及防冻措施

黔南州近年年初常出现低温冻害天气,冻害发生时气温在0℃以下,造成全州油菜、小麦、蔬菜和果树等农作物生产受到严重影响.据黔南州农业部门统计,2011-2013年平均每年农作物受灾面积为26700hm2,成灾面积4860hrn2,绝收面积660hm2,因灾造成直接经济损失5636.18万元.严重影响了农业增效,农民增收.针对黔南州农作物受低温冻害影响情况进行了调查,经详细分析提出低温冻害前农作物生产防冻措施,以减轻灾害给农业带来的损失.     

Inheritance of Cold Hardiness and Dehydrin Genes in Diploid Mapping Populations of Blueberry

Summary

Studies of herbaceous plants suggest that cold hardiness is a complex, quantitatively inherited trait. Although development of cold hardiness is an integral part of the life cycle of woody perennial plants, studies on the genetic control of cold hardiness in woody perennials are scarce. A better understanding of the genetic control of cold hardiness would be valuable for developing more effective strategies to increase cold hardiness and, hence, climatic adaptation of woody perennial crops. In blueberry, three major dehydrins of 65, 60, and 14 kDa have been found to increase with cold acclimation and decrease with deac-climation. A comparison of these dehydrin levels among various blueberry cultivars and selections has revealed their level of accumulation to be closely associated with cold hardiness level. Efforts are underway to isolate and map the dehydrin genes of blueberry utilizing blueberry populations that segregate for cold hardiness in order to determine if the dehydrin genes map to or co-segregate with QTLs controlling cold hardiness. Progress has been made toward this goal. Cold hardiness levels were determined for a portion of the blueberry mapping populations (derived from testcrosses of Vaccinium darrowi Camp X V. caesariense Mackenz. F₁s to another V. darrowi and another V. caesariense) using a laboratory controlled freeze-thaw regime, followed by visual assessment of injury to floral buds. As expected, the V. darrowi and V. caesariense parents were found to differ significantly in terms of cold hardiness levels (LT₅₀s of -13°C and -20°C, respectively). Mean cold hardiness level of F₁s (LT₅₀ of -14.7°C) was skewed toward the V. darrowi parents suggesting that cold hardiness is a partially recessive trait. The sequence of a 2.0 kb cDNA clone, which encodes the 60 kDa blueberry dehydrin, was used to map a dehydrin-related gene to current linkage group 12 of the V. caesariense testcross population. A preliminary comparison of the segregation pattern of the dehydrin-related gene to that of the cold hardiness trait suggests that the marker does not segregate with cold hardiness.     

冻融作用对土壤胶体及胶体结合态铅迁移的影响

以东北地区棕壤为研究对象,通过人工控温和土柱淋洗试验,研究了不同冻融处理下铅污染土柱中土壤胶体和胶体结合态铅的迁移特征。结果表明:土壤高含水量(田间持水量100%)条件下冻融作用促进土壤胶体的迁移;土壤低含水量(田间持水量10%)条件下冻融作用对土壤胶体的影响减弱。淋洗试验中,土壤胶体在前20 min内大量淋失出土体,随后淋失量急剧减少;且前20 min内的土壤胶体淋失量随着冻融次数的增加先增加后减少。污染土柱中铅主要以胶体结合态的形式迁移,其迁移特征和受冻融作用影响的趋势与土壤胶体类似。冻融处理后滞留在土柱深层的铅含量较高,表明冻融作用能够促进铅向深层土壤迁移。     

Experimental snowpack reduction alters organic matter and net N mineralization potential of soil macroaggregates in a northern hardwood forest

Climate change is predicted to reduce or delay annual wintertime snow pack formation in the forests of the northeastern US. Any delay in snowpack formation could increase soil freezing in winter and, thereby, alter soil characteristics and processes. We examined the hypothesis that delayed snowpack would disrupt soil structure and change organic matter bioavailability in an experimental snow removal study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH, USA. Pairs of reference and snow removal treatment plots were studied in four different sites at HBEF. Snow was removed from November–January of two winters, inducing soil freezing throughout both winters. Size class distribution and organic matter concentration and content of aggregates, and carbon and nitrogen mineralization potential of size fractions were quantified for surface mineral soils in the spring of both years immediately after snowmelt. In the first year of sampling, the only significant effect of snow removal was an increase in the smallest (<53 μm) size fraction of mineral soil. In the second year, snow removal increased organic matter concentrations of macroaggregate (250–2,000 μm) and microaggregate (53–250 μm) size fractions. This change corresponded to an increase in net N mineralization potential and the ratio of N to C mineralized in the macroaggregate fraction, but there were no effects of snow removal on C mineralization. We propose that soil freezing increases the movement of organic matter from organic to mineral soil horizons and increases the N content of mineralizable substrates in mineral soil following years with delayed snowpack formation.