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91.
淡水养殖鱼类主要细菌性传染病快速诊断的研究——鱼病诊断箱的应用试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用以葡萄球菌A蛋白协同凝集试验(SPA-COA)为主要检测手段的鱼病诊断箱,于1995 ̄1997年在吉林,辽宁等7省进行现场检测试验。结果,61个渔场11个品种的516尾病鱼有菌生长的285尾,经SPA-COA鉴定阳性数为239尾,占有菌生长的83.86%,12个渔场5个品种1216尾假定健康鱼有菌生长的为28尾,经SPA-COA鉴定阳性数为22尾,占有菌生长的78.57%,认为本诊断箱适用于基 相似文献
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SUMMARY: Experimental infection of Tetrahymena pyriformis was conducted on ornamental fishes with skin wounded by acetic acid treatment. Among fishes used in this experimental infection, guppy Poecilia reticulata , pristella Pristella maxillaris , neontetra Paracheirodon innesi and cherry barbs Puntius titteya proved to be sensitive to challenge, while medaka Oryzias latipes , dwarf gourami Colisa lalia , goldfish Carassius auratus , platy Xiphophorus maculatus and angelfish Pterophyllum scalare were resistant. In catfish Corydoras aeneus infection was unsuccessful. Exposure to Tetrahymena at ≥100 cells/mL at 25 to 30°C and at pH of 6.0 to 8.0 resulted in the successful infection of some sensitive fish species. Histological and bacteriological observations suggest that deeply destroyed skin tissues from the acid-treated method are the primary factors in successful infection. 相似文献
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本研究建立了快速检测鱼源沙门氏菌的BA-ELISA工作程序。该程序灵敏度为105个/mL,可经受108个/mL杂菌的干扰,对含有10个以上沙门氏菌的接种标本经21~23h两步增菌后即可检出,可在25~27h内报告结果,比常规分离培养方法缩短3~5d。从6个品种的498尾淡水鱼和7个品种的160尾海水鱼,共采集标本778份,以常规分离培养法检出29份阳性标本,分离率为3.7%。对包括该29份分离阳性标本在内的184份鱼源标本实施BA-ELISA的结果表明,两法的符合率为96.73%,BA-ELISA法的敏感性为100%(29/29),特异性为96.1%(149/155)。独立性检验表明,两法检测结果间有极显著意义的一致性(P<0.01)。血清学分型表明,分离的菌株全部为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(1,4,5,12:i:1,2)。 相似文献
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Abstract – The native and non-native freshwater fish species richness as well as the proportion of native fish species to overall fish species were examined to test a hypothesis of a spatial linkage between the distributions of dams and non-native fishes based on survey data collected in rivers and streams in Hokkaido, Japan. Non-native fish species have steadily increased in Hokkaido since the mid 1970s, as indicated by the decreasing proportion of native fish species per fish survey. Non-native species richness was significantly higher in areas above dams (i.e., reservoirs and their inlet streams) compared to areas without dams. As a result, the proportion of native fish species was lower above dams. This proportion was lower in developed and agricultural areas compared with forest areas, although both native and non-native species richness were higher in areas with development and agriculture. Non-native cyprinids, catfish and snakehead occurred primarily in a particular river basin with the largest drainage area, the longest history of reclamation and highest human population in the island. Non-native salmonids on the other hand, occurred in forest areas at higher elevations and their occurrence was associated with the existence of dams. There was a spatial linkage between the distribution of dams and non-native species, although it was applicable only to salmonids. The management of dams and reservoirs needs a strategy to prevent further expansion of exotic salmonids such as rainbow and brown trout. These species can be a significant threat to native Japanese salmonids as a result of various biological mechanisms. 相似文献
98.
Aloyce R Kaliba Charles C Ngugi John Mackambo & Kwamena K Quagrainie 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(11):1129-1136
Economic profitability of Nile tilapia production in Kenya was analysed using a model that simulated individual fish growth and took fish population dynamics in the pond into account. The results suggest that the currently practiced mixed‐sex tilapia culture is economically unsustainable. It is suggested that research and extension efforts be geared towards developing monosex Nile tilapia production systems. Nile tilapia culture with African catfish predation should be viewed as an intermediate step towards all‐male Nile tilapia culture. This will allow accumulation of both physical and human capital to support all‐male tilapia culture. Under all‐male culture, economic returns are high enough to justify investment in Nile tilapia culture using borrowed capital. However, the success of monosex culture will depend on the availability and affordability of quality fingerlings and low‐cost fish feeds. The results have a wide application in Sub‐Saharan Africa where mixed‐sex Nile tilapia culture is common. 相似文献
99.
M. C. Makrakis L. E. Miranda S. Makrakis D. R. Fernandez J. O. Garcia J. H. P. Dias 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2007,16(3):410-416
Abstract – We studied the migratory behaviour of armado, Pterodoras granulosus , in the Paraná River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, during 1997–2005. This species invaded the Upper Paraná River after upstream dispersal was facilitated when Itaipu Reservoir inundated a natural barrier. Fish were tagged ( N = 8051) in the mainstems of the Yacyreta and Itaipu reservoirs, bays of major tributaries, the Paraná River floodplain above Itaipu Reservoir, and below dams. In all, 420 fish were recaptured of which 61% moved away from the release area. Fish moved a maximum of 215 km (mean 42), and at a maximum rate of 9.4 km·day−1 (mean 0.6). Of the 256 armados that moved away from the release site, 145 moved upstream towards unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River and 111 moved downstream into the reservoir and bays of its tributaries (maximum 150 km). Based on the observed migratory movements, we suspect that most of the reproductive output originates in tributaries to the reservoirs. The ability of this species to expand its range presents a conundrum by pitting fishery management interests against conservation needs. Maintenance of the important armado fisheries depends on the ability of the species to migrate freely to use spawning and nursery areas in reservoir tributaries and floodplains. However, its ability to migrate long distances can allow this non-native species the opportunity to invade most of the Upper Paraná River. 相似文献
100.
F. Ribeiro R. L. Orjuela M. F. Magalhães M. J. Collares-Pereira 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2007,16(4):559-569
Abstract – Ecological attributes behind the success of the South American cichlid Australoheros facetus in mediterranean-type rivers remain unclear. This study addresses this issue, by analysing its abundance and feeding patterns in the lower Guadiana drainage (Portugal), during the dry season of 2003. Despite slight spatial variations in abundance and individual size, A. facetus seemed well established in the Guadiana, Vascão and Ardila rivers. No seasonal or size-related changes in feeding intensity were found, but the diet changed across rivers, over time and throughout ontogeny. Feeding seemed highly generalist, with fish apparently reacting to both spatial and temporal changes in food supply and tending to use the most abundant and easily accessible food items. Overall prey breadth was broad relative to that of other native and non-native species. It is suggested that a generalist feeding strategy may play a significant role in the establishment of non-native fish in mediterranean-type rivers. 相似文献