鱼类对饲料中糖的利用研究进展

糖类是鱼类饲料中廉价的能量源,然而,与陆生动物相比,鱼类对饲料中糖的利用能力较低。本文综述了这方面的最新研究进展,包括鱼类对饲料糖的利用能力与鱼饲料中糖的适宜含量、影响因素及鱼类的糖代谢机制。     

喷雾干燥鱼浆蛋白粉营养成分分析

本试验对鱼粉加工废水鱼浆蛋白粉(经浓缩、水解、喷雾干燥得到的副产品)进行营养成分分析,其中粗蛋白质含量达64.08%,钙2.67%、磷1.12%,钙磷比例合理;各氨基酸含量分别为:赖氨酸3.29%,蛋氨酸0.94%,谷氨酸5.17%,牛磺酸2.50%。     

用改进的酚-氯仿法提取鱼类基因组DNA效果的分析

提取鱼类基因组DNA的研究报道并不多见,效果也各有差异。本文以泰山螭霖鱼、东平湖鲤鱼、东平湖鲫鱼为材料,采用改进的酚-氯仿法提取基因组DNA,并进行了紫外分光光度、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、微卫星PCR扩增等方法的鉴定。结果表明,本方法提取的基因组DNA浓度在0.9μg/μL~3.25μg/μL之间,A260/A280比值在1.79~1.87之间,电泳条带整齐明亮,适合微卫星PCR扩增,且整个操作过程使用试剂较少,简单易行。     

我国综合养鱼生态模式及其发展思路

我国主要的综合养鱼生态模式有渔农综合经营型,渔牧综合经营型,渔、农、牧综合经营,农庄式立体种养生态系统等。然而劳动力素质限制了其综合利用水平的提高,水质污染影响渔业可持续发展,综合养鱼生态系统基础研究滞后及渔业产业化经营程度不高均是亟待解决的问题。并指出了促进综合养鱼生态模式的发展思路。     

祁连山南麓地区岩羊死因分析初报

2006年2月18～23日位于祁连山南麓天峻县的生格乡地区，先后有20多只岩羊突然死亡。通过对捕获岩羊的临床检查、栖息地调查和对其周围牧户的访问结果表明：岩羊在短时间大量死亡是多种病原体和作为应激源气候因子（大雪、大风和强烈的太阳光直接照射和雪地反射）的联合作用导致岩羊患传染性角膜结膜炎病失明而从悬崖处摔死的结果，而人类活动导致的生境破碎化加剧了本病的发生、流行和患病动物的死亡。     

气相色谱法测定咸鱼中的敌百虫和敌敌畏

建立了咸鱼中敌百虫、敌敌畏农药残留的气相色谱分析方法。样品采用乙腈-水(1 1)溶液提取,加乙酸锌净化,用乙酸乙酯进行液液分配,最后采用DB-1701P或DB-5毛细管柱分离,使用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器分析。在4个添加水平的敌百虫、敌敌畏平均回收率(n=6)分别为91%~95%、90%~94.5%,相对标准偏差分别为3.82%~5.80%和3.57%~4.62%;方法的检出限为:敌百虫0.005 mg/kg,敌敌畏0.005 mg/kg。该方法可用于市场上咸鱼样品中敌百虫、敌敌畏的测定。     

氧化应激对断奶仔猪肌体氧化还原状态的影响

本试验旨在研究氧化应激对断奶仔猪机体氧化还原状态的影响。选用24头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪,采用单因子试验设计。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,以饲喂基础日粮为对照组,饲喂氧化鱼油和腹腔介入12mg/kg体重敌草快(Diquat)为应激组,试验期26d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,氧化鱼油和Diquat都造成了脾脏损伤,使脾脏和胸腺指数降低(P<0.05);(2)饲喂氧化鱼油显著增加了脾脏MDA(丙二醛)含量(P<0.05),降低血浆抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05),极显著降低脾脏GST(谷光苷肽-S转移酶)的活力(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD(超氧化物岐化酶)、GSH-PX(谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶)的活性(P<0.01)和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05);(3)Diquat极显著增加脾脏MDA的含量(P<0.01),降低脾脏GST的含量(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.01),提高MDA的含量(P<0.01)。氧化鱼油和Diquat可诱导断奶仔猪产生氧化应激,并导致了脾脏和胸腺的氧化损伤。     

Landscape ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> invasion in networks of linear wetlands

The interaction between landscape structure and spatial patterns of plant invasion has been little addressed by ecologists despite the new insights it can provide. Because of their spatial configuration as highly connected networks, linear wetlands such as roadside or agricultural ditches, can serve as corridors facilitating invasion at the landscape scale, but species dynamics in these important habitats are not well known. We conducted a landscape scale analysis of Phragmites australis invasion patterns (1985–2002 and 1987–2002) in two periurban areas of southern Québec (Canada) focusing on the interaction between the network of linear wetlands and the adjacent land-uses. Results show that, at the beginning of the reference period, the two landscapes were relatively non-invaded and populations occurred mostly in roadside habitats which then served as invasion foci into other parts of the landscape. The intrinsic rates of increase of P. australis populations in linear anthropogenic habitats were generally higher than those reported for natural wetlands. Riparian habitats along streams and rivers were little invaded compared to anthropogenic linear wetlands, except when they intersected transportation rights-of-way. Bivariate spatial point pattern analysis of colonization events using both Euclidian and network distances generally showed spatial dependence (association) to source populations. An autologistic regression model that included landscape and edaphic variables selected transportation rights-of-way as the best predictor of P. australis occurrence patterns in one of the landscapes. Given the high invasion rates observed, managers of linear wetlands should carefully monitor expansion patterns especially when roads intersect landscapes of conservation or economic value.     

东乡野生稻原产地蜘蛛群落结构动态研究

调查表明,东乡野生稻原产保护地蜘蛛群落优势科为狼蛛科、跳蛛科、管巢蛛科、球蛛科、肖蛸科,相对丰度分别为0.5010、0.1529、0.0785、0.0657、0.0559、0.0399、0.0392,其丰盛度总和达0.8540,构成了蜘蛛群落的主要成分;巨蟹蛛科为稀有科。优势种为拟水狼蛛、沟渠豹蛛、中华狼蛛、横窝希蛛、黄斑纯蛛、白纹舞蛛、微菱头蛛、柔弱锯螯蛛,其相对丰盛度分别为0.1802、0.1209、0.0833、0.0589、0.0484、0.0445、0.0417、0.0413,丰盛度总和达0.6192,埃比熊蛛等为稀有种。调查还表明,不同时期的物种丰富度变化不明显,但在6～7月间,群落中物种丰富度相对较高,各物种种群发生数量大,分布相对均匀,优势种不突出,群落结构较合理,均匀度和多样性指数较高。     

The potential of flat-bed passive integrated transponder antennae for studying habitat use by stream fishes

Abstract – Describing habitat use by stream fishes is important from both basic ecological and fisheries management points of view. The most widely used methods of measuring habitat use vary in degree of effort required, level of intrusiveness and in the level of spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we describe a remote monitoring technique that can provide detailed and continuous data on habitat use of individual fish in the field. The technique is based on the passive integrated transponder (PIT) system, in which a newly developed flat-bed antenna is placed on the stream bottom and simply requires a PIT-tagged fish to swim over it. We present data obtained from work using this new technology on brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in stream enclosures, in which we describe habitat use and temporal patterns of movement by individuals and relate such data to growth rate and sex of the individual fish as well as to pool depth and time of day. In addition, we describe the range of applications of the flat-bed PIT-antenna as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using the system. ^NOTE