Transplantation of mouse fetus-derived MSCs alleviates physical fatigue in mouse

AIM:To observe the effect of mouse fetus-derived mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplantation on alleviating fatigue in mice. METHODS:MSCs were derived from the mouse fetus at 13.5 d. The 6-month-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into non-swimming group, swimming control group and swimming+MSCs group. The mice in swimming+MSCs group were injected with fetus-derived MSCs through the tail vein, while the mice in non-swimming group and swimming control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline. The anti-fatigue activity was evaluated using a weight-loaded swimming test, along with the determination of blood urea nitrogen(BUN), blood lactic acid(BLA),and glycogen in the hepatic and muscular tissues 24 h later. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA). The cardiac functions were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS:Primary cultured cells were spindle-shaped in scattered colony. The cells in fifth passage grew parallelly or swirlingly. The cells expressed CD44 and CD105, but not CD34 or CD45. Inducing experiments showed that the cells differentiated into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Transplantation of MSCs alleviated fatigue in mice. In swimming+MSCs group, weight-loaded swimming time was longer, the levels of BUN, BLA, hepatic and muscular MDA were lower, and the levels of glycogen and SOD in the hepatic and muscular tissues were higher than those in control group. Stroke volume, cardiac output and left ventricular diastolic volume in swimming+MSCs group increased, indicating that the cardiac functions were enhanced. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mouse fetus-derived MSCs alleviates physical fatigue.     

Impacts of acute imipramine treatment on plasma and brain amino acid metabolism in mice given graded levels of dietary chicken protein

Several studies have shown a relationship between depression and animal protein intake. To evaluate whether the difference of dietary chicken protein levels induces an antidepressant‐like effect and potentiates acute antidepressant effects, three levels of dietary chicken protein were used as the representative animal protein with imipramine used as the antidepressant. In addition, the effects of dietary chicken protein on brain metabolism were evaluated. Open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted on the 27th and 28th days, respectively. OFT and FST were not influenced by both imipramine and dietary protein levels. However, characteristic effects of imipramine treatment on brain monoamine metabolism were observed in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. In addition, dietary protein significantly increased taurine and L‐ornithine levels even though these amino acids were not contained in the diets. In conclusion, the metabolism of several amino acids in the plasma and brain were altered by dietary chicken protein.     

小花棘豆总黄酮对小鼠游泳运动能力的影响

用不同剂量(10、30、50mg/kg)的小花棘豆总黄酮给小鼠灌胃,观察其对小鼠游泳能力的影响,待小鼠力竭后测定其13项血液生理指标,血液和器官组织的相关酶活性以及中间代谢产物的含量。结果表明,添加小花棘豆总黄酮可延长小鼠游泳至力竭的时间,降低机体白细胞总数和粒细胞百分数,提高血液中淋巴细胞百分数、中值细胞百分数、粒细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积等指标,有效提高了小鼠血清和组织中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,降低了血清谷草转氨酶和肌酸激酶的活性;降低了脂褐素、丙二醛、乳酸和尿素氮的含量,增加了肌糖原和肝糖原的含量。说明小花棘豆总黄酮具有较好的抗氧化损伤功效。     

表象训练理论在高校游泳技术教学中的应用研究

表象训练法指在关键词或暗示语的引导下，在头脑中反复想象某种动作或运动情境，指导实践的运动训练，促进技能形成的训练方法。近年来，表象训练法常被应用于篮球、排球等专项运动教学，但鲜有应用于游泳教学的研究。为此，拟针对大学的游泳课程教学的特殊性和游泳训练特点，提出并探讨了表象训练理论在高校游泳技术教学中的应用模式。     

Detection efficiency of multiplexed Passive Integrated Transponder antennas is influenced by environmental conditions and fish swimming behaviour

Abstract –  The efficiency of a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tag detection system was tested during a 23-day experiment using a permanent digital video to record the passage of fish through multiplexed antennas. Coupling video to the PIT system allowed the detection of error sources and the correction of erroneous data. The efficiency of the detection system and its variation were investigated according to fish swimming speed, direction of movement and individual fish behaviour. Influence of time and environmental conditions on detection results were also checked. The PIT tag system was 96.7% efficient in detecting fish. Upstream movements were better detected (99.8%) than downstream movements (93.7%). Moreover, results showed that efficiency rate was not stable over the experiment; it was reduced on stormy days. Several sources of errors were identified such as sub-optimal orientation of the PIT tag relative to the antenna plane, the influence of fish swimming speed, individual fish behaviour and influence of environmental conditions.     

Ontogenetic behaviour and swimming ability of the endangered eastern freshwater cod,Maccullochella ikei,with notes on growth and development

Abstract – Understanding the larval ecology of individual fish species is fundamental in ensuring their long‐term conservation. The endangered eastern freshwater cod, Maccullochella ikei, is endemic to the Clarence and Richmond River systems of north‐eastern New South Wales, Australia. Little is known about the behaviour of larval M. ikei in the wild, particularly before and after the swim‐up stage, and following dispersal from the nest site. The aims of this study were to quantify the swimming ability, depth selection, light preference and substrate selection of hatchling to day‐30 M. ikei under controlled laboratory conditions, and to describe its growth and development over the same period. Maccullochella ikei larvae grew constantly but not consistently during the experiment. Exogenous feeding commenced around day 12, prior to the full exhaustion of the yolk. Maximal swimming ability improved daily, but maximum swimming speed declined significantly between days 12 and 13 and remained low. Maccullochella ikei larvae were initially photonegative but were positively phototactic by day 10. Depth selection was for the benthos until day 8, beyond which time larvae dispersed to all depths when released. Substrate selection was for sand in younger larvae but changed to upstream substrates as the experiment progressed. The results of the current study suggest that the period between day 10 and day 20 is critical in the early ontogeny of M. ikei, when it switched phototrophic behaviour, transitioned from endogenous to exogenous feeding and experienced a decline in swimming ability.     

Evaluation of passive integrated transponder tags for marking the bullhead (Cottus gobio), a small benthic freshwater fish: effects on survival, growth and swimming capacity

Abstract –  This study examined potential adverse effects of surgically implanted passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags (12 × 2.1 mm) on bullhead ( Cottus gobio L.) of three different length-classes (I: 50–64 mm, II: 65–79 mm, III: 80–94 mm). During a 7-week laboratory experiment, the rate of PIT tag loss, incision closure time, survival, growth and swimming capacity were tested. The PIT tag weight to fish body weight ratio varied between 1.04% and 4.85%. The mean incision closure time differed significantly among length-classes and varied between 2.8 (I) and 4.3 (III) weeks. Nevertheless, PIT tag retention did not differ among length-classes and was ≥90%. The survival of untagged, sham-tagged and PIT-tagged bullheads was ≥90% and did not differ within or among length-classes. Finally, within each length-class, there was no difference in growth and swimming capacity among treatments. Hence, these results suggest the applicability of PIT tags for individually tagging bullheads ≥50 mm.     

The effects of swimming exercise on growth and whole-body protein and fat contents of fed and unfed fingerling yellowtail

SUMMARY: Fingerling yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (initial mean body weight 4.3 g), an active pelagic fish, were reared under fed (4 weeks) and unfed (1 week) conditions to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth performance and whole body composition. The fish were raised in three water velocities: < 0.3 body length/s (bl/s), 1.0 bl/s, and 2.25 bl/s and fed diets containing two fat levels (13.2 and 20.3%). The exercised fish had significantly higher weight gains and feed efficiencies than the unexercised fish in both dietary fat levels. A second-order polynomial suggested that the optimum water velocity for the growth occurred at about 1.6 bl/s. The whole-body crude protein and fat contents were higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish, and consequently apparent body protein and fat retentions were improved in both dietary fat levels by swimming. However, during 1 week starvation, body fat loss/g body weight loss was higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish. The results of the present study clearly show that swimming condition improves growth performance of fingerling yellowtail, and suggest that swimming exercise stimulates both anabolism and catabolism of protein and fat; however, under fed conditions anabolism appears superior to catabolism.     

Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback

Bjærke O, Østbye K, Lampe HM, Vøllestad LA. Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 249–256. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – In three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) colonisation of freshwater has led to rapid evolution in various morphological and behavioural traits. Examples are reduction in lateral plate number and increased benthic foraging. These changes are believed to result from natural selection, but the evolutionary mechanisms driving behavioural changes and how such changes are associated with phenotypes, are poorly understood. Here, we study three different lateral plate morphs from a brackish water lake and one morph from a river upstream. We investigate if the lateral plate morphs differ in overall body shape and then experimentally test how foraging behaviour differ among morphs and with body shape. Foraging behaviour is measured as the consumption efficiency of benthic and pelagic prey types. The results show that lateral plate morphs differ in overall body shape and that body shape significantly co‐varies with foraging behaviour.     

鳙幼鱼4种典型游泳状态特性研究

在23±0.5℃水温条件下,利用游泳行为测试水槽分析早期发育阶段鳙幼鱼（Hypophthalmichthys nobilis）（5.0～9.0cm,2.5～11.5g）游泳行为特性与水流流速变化的响应关系。结果表明该体长范围鳙幼鱼的平均临界游泳速度为0.468±0.161m/s;平均突进游泳速度为0.672±0.154m/s,且绝对临界游泳速度和绝对突进游泳速度均随体长的增加而线性增加,相对突进游泳速度随体长的增加而线性减小;绝对突进游泳速度与绝对临界游泳速度存在如下关系： ;在测试突进游泳速度中鱼类游泳行为随水流流速变化存在4种游泳状态相互穿插（顶流前进、顶流后退、顶流静止、顺流而下）,根据鱼类运动过程中的四个阶段分别对应的4种游泳状态,得到以鳙幼鱼为过鱼对象的鱼道池室主流流速为16.0～46.5cm/s;对于鱼道高流速区的竖缝、孔口等最佳流速应为46.5～85.4cm/s。本研究成果补充了四大家鱼游泳特性指标,为四大家鱼资源保护、鱼类洄游通道建设提供参考依据。