Ostrich meat: Production,quality parameters,and nutritional comparison to other types of meats

The poultry industry is considered one of the most efficient industries in producing animal protein. Poultry production consists of several main segments: broilers, commercial eggs, turkeys, ducks, and other poultry, including geese, guinea-fowl, pheasants, quail, and ratites. Currently, ostrich meat is marketed as a healthy red meat because it is characterized by high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, low saturated fatty acid content, and low cholesterol level compared with red meats, such as beef, while tasting similar to lean beef. Ostrich meat contains lower sodium and higher iron contents than other kinds of meat, making it preferable to hypertensive people and those with anemia. Taken together, ostrich meat is considered as an ideal red meat for individuals seeking healthier lifestyle. Moreover, many different ostrich products, such as leather and feathers, are used by people. The current review paper considers the quality characteristics of ostrich meat, including physical traits, and compares it to other types of meats, such as bovine and other poultry meats.     

Vitamin C enhanced myocardial differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells

AIM: In order to observe the myocardial differentiation capacity of the dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells treated with vitamin C in vitro. METHODS: DFAT cells were dedifferentiated from the mature rat adipocytes with ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells of passage 3 were used in the study. Vitamin C and/or neonatal rat heart tissue lysate were added into the culture medium to induce myocardial differentiation for 3 weeks. The cell morphology was observed under microscope. The myocardial-specific markers, such as cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5, were examined by the methods of immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Mature rat adipocytes dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like DFAT cells after ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells under normal culture condition with a low incidence. After treated with neonatal rat heart cell lysate, the DFAT cells became cardiomyocyte-like cells that had bigger size, longer shape and myotubule-structure. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was remarkably increased at both mRNA and protein levels as compared with the normal cultured DFAT cells. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was further increased in DFAT cells after treating with vitamin C. No spontaneous beating cell was observed. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C enhances the differentiation of DFAT cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.     

阿勒泰羊Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与其尾脂沉积能力关联性分析

Fsp27基因在动物脂肪代谢过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。为了研究Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性,以尾脂沉积能力极强的脂尾(臀)型绵羊品种阿勒泰羊(Ovis aries)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP及测序技术研究了该SNP位点不同基因型在阿勒泰羊群体中的分布,并通过比较不同基因型个体尾形数据的差异,评估其与阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,在阿勒泰羊群体中Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变可以检测到GG、AG和AA三种基因型,基因型频率分别47.2%、38.4%和14.4%;卡方检验结果表明该位点在阿勒泰羊群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。通过250只不同基因型阿勒泰羊尾形数据对比发现,GG和AG基因型个体脂尾(臀)的长、宽和厚3项数据均显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05),GG基因型个体亦略高于AG基因型个体,但差异不显著(P>0.05),推断G等位基因有利于阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积。     

高油高产大豆新品种嫩丰19的选育

嫩丰19是黑龙江省农科院嫩江农科所育成,2005年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名推广的大豆新品种.该品种生育日数120 d,需活动积温为2 500℃,脂肪含量22.05%,2003年被列入省良种化工程项目.具有高油、耐瘠,丰产性优良等特性,适宜黑龙江省第一积温带中上等土壤肥力条件下种植.     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5～6 月龄、体重46～48.5 kg)共16只,每个处理4只.经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量.结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F1 20.8%,陶寒F1 20.5%,杜寒F1 20.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%).每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g).人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高.萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出,综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊.     

日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。     

Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell)

The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min^?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day.     

超声波辅助提取白果粗脂肪

以自制白果粉为原料,分析了提取溶剂、粉料粒度、提取温度、超声波功率、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对白果出油率的影响。结果表明:石油醚(沸程60～90℃)是较适宜的提取溶剂,出油率为3.88%。最佳提取工艺为:白果粉粉碎度80目,提取温度25℃,超声波提取功率200 W,料液比1∶25(g/ml),每次提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。最优工艺条件下,出油率为3.86%,较索氏提取法,该工艺对白果粗脂肪的提取率为98.71%。     

正交设计法研究花生粗脂肪含量测定方法

以石油醚为浸提剂,选择浸提温度、浸提时间和淋洗时间3个因素,根据L9(34)正交设计表,用FOSS2050型脂肪测定仪对索氏提取法测定花生粗脂肪含量进行了研究。结果表明,淋洗时间对花生粗脂肪含量测定结果影响最大,其次是浸提时间;花生粗脂肪含量测定的最佳提取方案为浸提温度120℃、浸提时间80 min、淋洗时间30 min。     

应用可见/近红外高光谱成像测定鲑鱼片脂肪含量分布(英文)

脂肪作为一种重要的品质参数,在大西洋鲑鱼片中的分布很不均匀。为寻找一种能替代脂肪化学检测的快速无损的方法,该研究应用可见/近红外高光谱成像测定大西洋鲑鱼片的脂肪含量分布。分别采用可见/短波近红外(400-1100 nm)和近红外(900-1700 nm)系统获取大西洋鲑鱼片样本的高光谱图像。提取样本图像的平均光谱并与其相应的脂肪含量化学值采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machines,LS-SVM)建立相关性模型。为降低高光谱图像的共线性和冗余度,基于竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)分别在可见/短波近红外和近红外光谱区间提取16个(468,479,728,734,785,822,863,890,895,899,920,978,1005,1033,1040,1051 nm)和15个(975,995,1023,1047,1095,1124,1167,1210,1273,1316,1354,1368,1575,1632,1661 nm)特征波长,并分别建立PLSR和LS-SVM模型。特征波长模型的性能优于全波段模型,且近红外区间的特征波长PLSR模型为最优,预测决定系数(R2p)为0.92,预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.92%,剩余预测偏差(residual predictive deviation,RPD)为3.50。最后,将最优模型用于预测高光谱图像上所有像素点的脂肪含量以展示样本上脂肪的分布。此外,还基于该技术对大西洋鲑整鱼片实现了脂肪分布可视化。结果表明高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法在大西洋鲑鱼片脂肪的定量和分布可视化上有一定的研究和应用前景。