镉胁迫对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)氧化应激反应影响

蚯蚓受重金属胁迫时,体内立即产生氧化应激反应,确定胁迫过程氧化应激主要指标对污染监测尤为重要。将胁迫试验分短期和长期试验两组,前者试验周期为10 d,每天取1条蚯蚓;后者试验周期为30 d,每10 d取1条蚯蚓。每组均设定Cd~(2+)浓度梯度50、100、125、250和500 mg·kg~(-1)重金属胁迫溶液,选择蚯蚓环带后尾部测定体内SOD、POD、GPX、GST、CAT、VE、MDA和ACh E。结果表明,短期试验组,反映蚯蚓体内氧化应激主要指标为CAT、SOD和POD。在长期试验中,反映蚯蚓体内氧化应激主要指标为GPX和MDA。     

Management of Cassava Starch Factory Solid Waste (Thippi) through Composting to a Nutrient-Rich Organic Manure

In India, cassava cultivation is confined in South India. In Tamil Nadu, tubers are used as raw material for starch and sago industry. About 8–10 large-scale starch factories and 150–200 small-scale starch and sago production units are generating nearly 40–60 tonnes of solid waste (thippi) per annum creating serious environmental pollution. A study undertaken to manage it through composting to a nutrient-rich organic manure revealed thippi as acidic with low major and micronutrient concentration, high water-holding capacity, good porosity, low bulk density, high starch, fiber, low protein, and cyanide. Composting of thippi with different combinations of raw materials, microbial cultures, and earthworms indicated that thippi enriched with gliricida and cassava leaves and composted with earthworm had the highest nutrient concentration with narrow carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio. The mean concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in thippi compost were 1.32, 3.82, 0.40, 2.18, 0.96, 1.11, 0.08%, 11.23, and 89.93 mg/kg, respectively, which is 3.5, 49,7, 32.5, 8, 185, 100, 2.5, and 12 times than thippi. Thippi compost had low bulk density, starch, without fiber and cyanide but high protein suggesting this protocol as a possible alternative for the management of thippi.     

农业固体有机废弃物蚯蚓堆制处理及蚓粪应用研究进展

农业固体有机废弃物对大气、水体、土壤、生物均造成严重污染,但是,农业固体有机废弃物又是可利用的生物质资源,蚯蚓堆制处理是农业固体有机废弃物处理和资源化利用的重要途径之一,蚯蚓堆制产物即蚓粪是一种具有极高应用价值的腐殖质类复合物。综述了农业固体有机废弃物蚯蚓堆制处理的影响因素如蚯蚓品种、温度、湿度、接种密度、pH值、C/N以及蚓粪的理化、生物学性质及蚓粪应用的研究现状,指出对农业固体有机废弃物进行有效蚯蚓堆制处理及提高蚓粪利用范围和效果等问题值得深入研究。     

不同有机负荷条件下分层蚯蚓生物滤池对生活污水的处理效果

本文设计了一种新型的分层式蚯蚓生物滤池,采用高低两种有机负荷,研究了该滤池对生活污水的处理效果.实验过程中,水力负荷均保持在1.0 m3·(m2·d)-1.在低有机负荷条件下,系统对COD,NH3-N、SS和TP的平均去除率分别达到85%、73%、69%、92%;在高有机负荷条件下,系统对COD,NH3-N,SS和TP的平均去除率分别达到86%,70%,67%,91%.各层出水中,污染物浓度逐层下降.文章还对高有机负荷条件下滤池中的蚯蚓种群状况进行了研究,从实验开始到基本达到平衡的两周时间内,各层中蚯蚓的成体、亚成体、幼体、蚓茧数量呈现一个上升过程直至平衡,与有机物的去除率表现出一定相关性.     

铜离子污染胁迫对蚯蚓重要抗氧化物酶活性的影响

为了探究铜离子（Cu2+）对土壤生态环境中重要的生物蚯蚓的毒性作用,笔者研究了人工土壤中硫酸铜污染胁迫对安德爱胜蚓（Eisenia andrei）的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Cu2+对蚯蚓CAT酶有一定的激活作用,且酶活随着染毒时间,呈现先降低后升高的变化。随着Cu2+在蚯蚓体内的富集,对SOD呈现短暂抑制后,明显激活的作用。Cu2+会引起蚯蚓体内GSH-PX活性变化,但并不规律。3种抗氧化物酶活性变化程度与土壤中给予的Cu2+浓度没有剂量依赖性。     

饲粮中添加蚯蚓发酵液对安义瓦灰鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、肠道长度及粪便成分的影响

选取320只120日龄安义瓦灰鸡,随机分为4组(每组8个重复,每个重复10只).对照组饲喂基础饲粮(Ⅰ组),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ在基础日粮中分别添加2.5,5.0,7.5 μL/g蚯蚓发酵液,试验期42 d.结果 表明:各组安义瓦灰鸡的终末体质量、平均日采食量及平均日增体质量均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的料重...     

猪日粮中添加乳酸链球菌和蚯蚓粉对其生产性能及粪便中臭气化合物的影响

本试验选用144头三元杂交猪(杜洛克×长白×大白),平均分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮(CS)、CS+2×109cfu/kg乳酸链球菌(StreptococcusLactics)、CS+0.45%的蚯蚓粉、CS+2×109cfu/kg乳酸链球菌+0.45%的蚯蚓粉,测定了仔猪生产性能、粪的pH、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、梭菌和优杆菌的数量、铵态氮、总氮、挥发性氨氮和主要的臭气化合物含量以及血清中的各项指标。试验结果表明:乳酸链球菌降低了粪便的pH、粪便中大肠杆菌的数量以及粪便中异戊酸、对甲酚等臭气化合物的含量(P<0.05),提高了粪便中乙酸、丙酸的含量(P<0.05);蚯蚓粉能降低粪便pH值、干物质和粪便中吲哚的含量(P<0.05),但同时能增加乙酸、丙酸和3-甲基吲哚的浓度(P<0.05);与单独添加乳酸链球菌或蚯蚓粉相比,在仔猪日粮中同时添加乳酸链球菌和蚯蚓粉能提高排泄物中挥发性氨和血清中尿素的含量(P<0.05),但也明显降低了粪便中的对甲酚、吲哚的含量(P<0.05),而对粪便pH、挥发性脂肪酸和3-甲基吲哚的含量均无明显影响(P>0.05)。     

红吼猴粪便沉积物对表层土壤的影响

The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) living in tropical rainforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix (top 10 cm) was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.     

蚯蚓仿生注液沃土装置设计与试验

蚯蚓吞噬土壤,构建洞穴,发挥了肥沃土壤的重要作用。该文借助工程仿生技术手段,运用计算机图像处理技术对蚯蚓头部、体节轮廓图像进行量化分析,提取并拟合蚯蚓头部和体节的轮廓曲线,构建注液沃土装置的仿生几何结构表面。仿蚯蚓背孔排布方式设计了3孔和6孔注液型沃土装置,以UHMWPE为材料制备样机,并采用农机土槽试验系统开展注液沃土装置样机选型试验,考察孔数、是否注液、材料、表面结构4个参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响。试验结果表明,各参数对工作阻力的影响程度依次为:注液孔数材料表面结构;对土壤粘附量的影响程度依次为:表面结构孔数材料注液。从8类样机中确定的优选类型为:有6个注液孔、UHMWPE材质且具有仿生几何结构表面的仿生注液沃土装置。对选定的样机进行验证,结果表明:在相同试验条件下,该样机的平均工作阻力为283.48 N,平均土壤粘附量值为10.93 g,均低于其他类型样机。该研究工作可为实施机械化沃土工程提供技术参考。     

辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混剂对蚯蚓的毒性及安全性评价

以赤子爱胜蚯蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａ,ｆｏｅｌｉｄａ）和自然蚯蚓为试材,通过土壤法和滤纸膜片法测定了辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混合剂三种农药对蚯蚓的ＬＤ５０影响。结果表明：辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混剂土壤法和滤纸法对蚯蚓的ＬＤ５０分别为８．０,１．０８,２．６３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８．１６,７．４６,１１．６９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。三种农药对蚯蚓的毒性均属于中毒级