Spatial connectivity and distribution of landscape type in the natural secondary forests of eastern mountainous region,northeast China—a case study of Mao'ershan region in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040). Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Holocene palaeo-invasions: the link between pattern, process and scale in invasion ecology?

Invasion ecology has made rapid progress in recent years through synergies with landscape ecology, niche theory, evolutionary ecology and the ecology of climate change. The palaeo-record of Holocene invasions provides a rich but presently underexploited resource in exploring the pattern and process of invasions through time. In this paper, examples from the palaeo-literature are used to illustrate the spread of species through time and space, also revealing how interactions between invader and invaded communities change over the course of an invasion. The main issues addressed are adaptation and plant migration, ecological and evolutionary interactions through time, disturbance history and the landscape ecology of invasive spread. We consider invasions as a continuous variable, which may be influenced by different environmental or ecological variables at different stages of the invasion process, and we use palaeoecological examples to describe how ecological interactions change over the course of an invasion. Finally, the use of palaeoecological information to inform the management of invasions for biodiversity conservation is discussed.     

陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区空间优化研究

以陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区为例,基于2020年1 m分辨率土地利用数据,对主要矛盾问题地类的斑块规模(大小)和景观人工干扰强度指数的空间分布进行分析。研究表明,保护区主要矛盾问题地类耕地、建设用地、交通用地主要分布在实验区;保护区整体景观人工干扰强度较低,高强度干扰主要在实验区南部地势平缓处,低强度干扰主要在核心区和缓冲区北部地势陡高处,高、中高、中、中低和低强度干扰在研究区的占比分别为9.31%、8.74%、11.16%、17.11%和53.68%;保护区中部即核心区和缓冲区南部及实验区北部景观破碎化程度较大,中强度干扰围绕中高强度干扰呈环状分布且有扩散趋势。建议减少规模较小的建设用地和耕地斑块数量,提升中部景观连通度,加强南部耕地保护质量,严格管控中高强度以上干扰区;对部分已成为朱鹮生境组成部分的耕地和居民点不宜强制调出和退出,可实行分区和分级管控,探索引入自然、科普教育和研学等低强度公益活动,带动周边社区经济。     

景观连接度在森林病虫害控制中的应用

景观连接度作为景观生态学的主要研究内容, 是对景观结构促进或阻碍生态过程的景观度量。景观连接度为森林景观结构与病虫害种群空间分布、栖息生境景观结构格局、扩散能力及途径等生态学过程的研究提供了新方法。基于昆虫和病原微生物对景观结构响应的生态学过程制定森林病虫害的控制方法, 符合森林有害生物生态控制基本要求和原则, 为安全、有效、持续地控制森林病虫害提供理论基础。简单介绍了景观连接度的概念、特征、研究内容和生态学意义, 就国内外景观连接度应用于森林昆虫与病原微生物方面的研究进行了综述, 进而展望了景观连接度在森林病虫害控制中的研究方向和应用前景。     

有机化合物吸着系数(Koc)估算模型比较

基于 592种化合物的Koc实测数据 ,分别采用片段常数法和分子连接性指数法建立了其估算模型 .根据模型残差分析了两种模型的预测误差 ,并运用 2种方式的jackknife检验比较了它们的稳健性 .片段常数模型涉及较多变量 ,其应用受到有限的已知片段常数以及烦琐的片段划分过程的限制 ,相比之下 ,分子连接性指数模型变量数较少 ,其应用时只需了解化合物的结构式 .片段常数模型的估算精度略高于分子连接性指数模型 ,两者的差别主要体现在logKoc<1和logKoc >4的化合物上 .分子连接性指数模型的稳健性比片段常数模型高 .在依次删除一类特定类别化合物时 ,其估算误差的变异幅度均小于片段常数模型 .     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区浅沟对切沟发生和发育的影响

浅沟和切沟是侵蚀沟的重要组成部分,二者之间是否存在较为明显的关联性,成为新时期黄土高原沟道侵蚀治理的关键问题之一。为探究黄土高原切沟沟头上方浅沟对其下方连通的切沟发生、发育的影响,该研究在陕西子洲岔巴沟流域上、中、下游各选1个典型小流域为研究区,基于厘米级无人机航摄和高精度野外实测,系统分析黄土高原丘陵沟壑区浅沟与切沟连通性现状及这一连通性对切沟在极端暴雨情景下新成和之后3 a时间尺度发育的影响。结果表明:1)在极端暴雨情景下,有浅沟的坡面更有利于切沟的发生,3个小流域在陕北2017年“7.26”极端暴雨中共发生43条新成切沟,其中67.44%与浅沟连通。2)切沟沟头上方是否存在浅沟对切沟形态特征具有重要影响,和浅沟连通的切沟长度显著大于和浅沟不连通的切沟,在切沟宽度上这一影响不显著。3)切沟沟头上方浅沟对其下方连通的切沟发育也有显著的影响。在2017年“7.26”暴雨后3 a时间尺度上,相比与浅沟不连通的切沟,与浅沟连通的切沟在后续发展过程更加活跃。有浅沟连通条件下沟头发育的新成切沟和原有切沟的占比分别是无浅沟连通的1.67倍和3.11倍,沟头前进速率分别是其1.80倍和2.17倍。...     

3D conservation planning: Including aquifer protection in freshwater plans refines priorities without much additional effort

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基于InSAR的白洋淀湿地潜在水力阻碍物分布格局

明晰潜在水力阻碍物的分布格局对于识别连通受损区域、分析受损原因以及采取针对性连通措施具有重要的科学指导意义。鉴于传统光学遥感方法在植被信息抑制下的湿地水文监测方面具有一定局限性,本文提出基于干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）技术,通过地表形变计算反演潜在水力阻碍物的方法,并分析了白洋淀潜在水力阻碍物的分布格局。结果表明,白洋淀湿地的潜在水力阻碍物主要为村庄、耕地和部分芦苇台田,且时空变异显著;白洋淀南部区域的阻碍物更容易导致水文不连通,在水文连通研究中需要重点关注。