壳聚糖与生姜提取物复合膜在冷却猪肉保鲜中的应用

以冷却猪肉为试材,通过测定4℃冷藏15 d期间菌落总数、p H、TBARS值、TVB-N值以及感官评价等指标的变化,探讨壳聚糖与不同浓度(60%、80%和100%)生姜提取物复合膜对冷却猪肉的保鲜效果和抗氧化作用。结果表明,添加生姜提取物具有一定的浓度效应,其中80%和100%生姜提取物+壳聚糖复合涂膜处理能有效抑制冷却猪肉菌落总数和p H的上升,抑制脂质过氧化,保持较高水平的感官品质,且保鲜效果优于单独壳聚糖涂膜处理,能延长冷却肉的货架期至15 d以上。     

对偶性与特大增量步算法在复杂平面框架中的应用

特大增量步算法（LIM）是一种基于力法和广义逆矩阵理论的迭代算法,在简单桁架和刚架非线性初步应用中,达到相同计算精度下有同等甚至超过位移有限元的计算效率。针对工程中的复杂杆系结构,利用平衡与协调的对偶性,探讨LIM在复杂平面框架结构中的应用,建立了平面框架结构的LIM基本方程,提出了针对典型支座约束以及组合结点的处理方法。该处理方法的线弹性问题算例表明,与位移有限元相比具有至少同等的精度和相当的计算效率。在支座本身不考虑塑性的情况下,该处理方法同样适用于弹塑性问题,为LIM在复杂杆系结构的弹塑性分析中奠定了基础。     

An immune-complex glomerulonephritis of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)

Chinook salmon from New Zealand were shown to have a generalized membranous glomerulonephritis that was most severe in large fish. Marked thickening of the glomerular basement membrane was the most consistent lesion, with the presence of an electron-dense deposit beneath the capillary endothelium.Severely affected glomeruli also had expansion of the mesangium and loss of capillaries,synechiae of the visceral and parietal epithelium and mild fibrosis of Bowmans capsule. Chinook salmon from British Columbia, Canada with bacterial kidney disease caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum had similar histological lesions. They also had thickened glomerular basement membranes that were recognized by rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout immunoglobulin. This was true only when frozen sections of kidney were used and not formalin-fixed tissue. An attempt to experimentally produce a glomerulopathy in rainbow trout by repeated immunization with killed R. salmoninarum was not successful. Case records from the Fish Pathology Laboratory at the University of Guelph over a 10-year period revealed that a range of species were diagnosed with glomerulopathies similar to those seen in Chinook salmon. The majority of these cases were determined to have chronic inflammatory disease. This report has identified the presence of immunoglobulin within thickened basement membranes of Chinook salmon with glomerulonephritis and supports the existence of type III hypersensitivity in fish.     

不同铁效率大豆品种叶片和根系超微结构的比较研究

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用螯合铁肥(Fe-EDDHA)对不同铁效率大豆V4期叶片及根系超微结构的影响。结果表明:铁敏感品种缺铁处理下植株矮小且叶片发黄,而铁高效品种缺铁条件下植株稍小但叶色差异不大。两种处理下铁高效品种的叶绿素SPDA值无显著差异,铁敏感品种在缺铁条件下叶绿素SPDA值显著小于补铁条件下,也显著小于铁高效品种。铁敏感品种叶肉细胞中叶绿体和线粒体数量在两种处理下差异不大,但铁敏感品种缺铁处理下叶绿体不饱满呈长梭形且其中淀粉颗粒形状扁平,含量较少;铁高效品种在两种处理下线粒体和叶绿体数目差异不大,但总体上在补铁处理下叶肉细胞中淀粉颗粒的含量较高、颗粒较大。铁敏感品种根系细胞缺铁处理下形状不规则,细胞壁严重变形,原生质破裂外流且分布不均,细胞核及大部分细胞器有解体现象,而补铁处理下细胞结构则保持规则完整;铁高效品种在两种处理下根系细胞均规则完整,但补铁处理下原生质体浓厚且内含物较丰富。由此说明:缺铁胁迫对不同铁效率大豆品种植株大小、叶色、细胞超微结构都有影响,只是铁敏感品种受缺铁胁迫影响更大,而铁高效品种可能有较完善的耐低铁机制所以受缺铁胁迫影响较小。     

Effect of antiserum against complement C5b-9 complexes on nitric oxide(NO) synthesis and pathologic changes in renal tissue of ATSN rats

AIM: To explore the effect of antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes on nitric oxide synthesis and pathologic changes in renal tissue of rats with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. METHEDS: The rat model of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,namely,anti-thymocyte serum nephritis(ATSN) was established and the rats with ATSN were treated with antiserum against complement C5b-9 complexes. Some parameters related to NO and pathologic changes of the rats were observed.RESULTS: Anti-C5b-9 serum not only reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) mRNA in renal tissue and urinary content of nitrate/nitrite(NO₃^-/ NO₂^-) of rats with ATSN, but also reduced renal pathologic changes. L-N G-nitro arginine methylester (L-NAME) also reduced the contents of urinary NO₃^-/NO₂^- and the renal pathologic changes of rats with ATSN. CONCLUSION: The antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes inhibited glomerular NO synthesis and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation of rats with ATSN.     

Effects of tripterine on viability and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts by regulating GINS2

AIM To explore the effects of tripterine on the viability and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts （KFB） and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The KFB were treated with tripterine at low, medium and high doses. The cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied to determine the expression of GINS complex subunit 2 （GINS2）. The KFB were divided into si-NC group, si-GINS2 group, Exp+pcDNA group and Exp+pcDNA-GINS2 group, and the changes of cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the above methods. RESULTS After treatment with tripterine, the viability of KFB was decreased, the apoptotic rate was increased, and GINS2 expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. After knockdown of GINS2, the viability of KFB was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was increased （P<0.05）. Over-expression of GINS2 partially reversed the effect of tripterine on the viability and apoptosis of KFB （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Tripterine inhibits KFB viability and promotes the apoptosis by down-regulating GINS2.     

Characterization 3333 of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions for resistance to phylotype I and phylotype II strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex under high temperatures

Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes substantial yield losses in the tropics and subtropics. Disease management options by chemicals are limited, and host resistance is the cheapest and easiest means of control. However, sources of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato are limited. The disease often coincides with higher temperatures in the tropics, and resistance sources that are more heat stable are particularly valuable for breeding of tropically adapted tomato cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify tomato accessions that demonstrate relatively high bacterial wilt resistance under high temperatures and to identify accessions that may possess QTLs other than Bwr-6 and Bwr-12 (two major disease resistance QTLs against bacterial wilt), which could be exploited in future breeding. Sixty-seven tomato entries reported as bacterial wilt resistant were evaluated in a greenhouse against one strain each of phylotype I (Pss4) and phylotype IIB (Pss1632) of the RSSC (average temperature ≥29°C). Of those, five and 19 were homozygous for Bwr-6 and Bwr-12, respectively, and six were homozygous for both QTLs. Bwr-12 contributed to resistance against phylotype I strain but not against the phylotype II strain. Bwr-6 contributed to resistance against both phylotype strains. Entries with both QTLs as a group performed relatively better against the phylotype I strain. Entry “94T765-24-79”, which lacked Bwr-6 and Bwr-12, demonstrated relatively high resistance against the phylotype II strain and may carry new QTL/s. As new bacterial wilt resistance QTLs are mapped and markers designed, pyramiding multiple bacterial wilt resistance QTLs into new varieties should be straightforward, thereby increasing the chances of obtaining stable resistance.     

复杂边界田块旋翼无人机自主作业路径规划

针对农用无人机复杂边界田块下的作业问题,提出一种对田块边界形状具有普适性意义的旋翼无人机作业路径规划算法,以快速获得凸多边形、凹多边形、带孔洞多边形甚至多个多边形形式的复杂边界田块情形下的飞行作业轨迹。首先,基于田块边界多边形顶点数据的存储规则,采用多边形分组法,区分所属不同田块的多边形,建立按区域即田块为单元进行航线计算的基础;针对单田块的内、外边界多边形,采用活性边表法实现单个多边形扫描线填充的快速求交解算,得到初始扫描线,再对处于同一航向位置上的内、外多边形两类扫描线组采用线段布尔运算"减法"操作处理,获得预设航向条件下的作业航线;以最小航线间转移路径总长度为优化目标,引入贪婪算法、凸多边形最小跨度法和步进旋转法,综合进行航线排序优化和航向优化,获得不考虑障碍物条件下的完整作业路径。为进一步扩大算法的应用范围,假设田块边界上存在障碍物,且高度大于作业高度,继续增加转移过程的安全性判断及处理算法。针对假想田块和实际田块边界的多组算法仿真试验结果表明,所设计的算法可处理各种复杂边界类型的田块;在不考虑障碍物影响时算法耗时15 ms～19. 2 s;相比于只进行航线排序优化的情况,同时进行航向和航线排序优化后,航线间转移路径总长度下降了23. 04%～45. 98%;而考虑障碍物影响时处理耗时也在离线应用的可接受范围内。该算法的通用性、可靠性、效率和优化效果均可满足各种复杂边界二维田块无障碍物和有障碍物条件下的农用无人机作业的相关要求。     

考虑零部件间间接连接关系的模块划分方法

模块化的产品架构可以缩短研发周期、提高研发效率和产品可靠性,有效解决大规模生产和多样化客户需求之间的矛盾。针对现有模块划分方法常忽略零部件间间接连接关系对模块划分的影响,造成重要设计依赖信息遗失的问题,建立了基于电容类比法的节点相似度模型,量化了零部件间直接和间接连接关系共同作用的效果,实现了模块的精确划分。首先,采用区间直觉模糊集分析了零部件之间的综合关联关系,将综合关联自相关矩阵映射为复杂网络;然后,建立了基于电容类比法的节点相似度模型,并以该相似度模型为中心度测度,提出了一种网络层次聚类(Network hierarchical clustering,NHC)算法,实现了复杂农机装备的模块精确划分;最后,对联合收获机脱粒装置进行模块划分,验证了NHC算法的有效性。采用NHC算法获得的划分方案的平均模块度比改进的GN算法提高了24.6%,获得的产品结构树比改进的GN算法更合理。     

沈阳地区美国白蛾的天敌复合体

为了更全面地了解美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea（Drury）的天敌种类,探究美国白蛾天敌复合体的组成以及天敌复合体中不同种群间的互作关系,为开展美国白蛾的生物防治提供新思路和新方法,本研究自2017年9月至2019年3月对中国沈阳地区的美国白蛾天敌开展了系统调查。结果显示：沈阳地区有33种美国白蛾天敌,其中,寄生性天敌14种,捕食性天敌19种。在国内首次发现锦州细颚姬蜂Enicospilus kigasirae（Uchida）、黄须盆地寄蝇Bessa remota（Aldrich）和黑须菲寄蝇Phebellia nigripalpis（Robineau-Desuoidy）3种天敌可以寄生美国白蛾幼虫。通过对美国白蛾各世代和虫态的天敌多样性等指标分析发现,沈阳地区美国白蛾天敌复合体优势种群由高到低为白蛾聚集盘绒茧蜂Cotesia gregalis Yang et You,康刺腹寄蝇Compsilura concinnata（Meigen）,白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang。采用主成分分析的方法,对美国白蛾天敌复合体各世代与虫期进行综合评价和排序,结果表明美国白蛾天敌复合体在幼虫期复合程度较高,并且在第2代幼虫期复合程度达到最高。