非洲猪瘟诊断技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟是猪的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,致死率可达100%。本文综述了非洲猪瘟病原学和血清学诊断技术研究进展,包括红细胞吸附试验(HAD)、聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)、环介导恒温扩增技术(LAMP)、荧光抗体技术(FAT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和胶体金快速免疫层析技术(GICA)等,并对各种方法的优缺点进行简要汇总分析,总结认为今后非洲猪瘟诊断的发展趋势在于不同诊断技术的联合应用。     

高寒牧区无人机施药防控草原虫害技术研究

通过植保无人机防控草原虫害技术研究,测定了其各项作业技术参数和性能,其雾化和防控效果较好。高寒牧区受海拔、气候等因素的影响,续航时间下降3～4min,载药量下降2～4kg,作业效率下降25～35%。     

影响肉质嫩度calpain基因的研究进展

钙蛋白酶是一种存在于细胞内的非溶酶体性的限制性蛋白水解酶,在宰后肉质的嫩化和肉质的改善过程中起着重要的作用,本文对钙蛋白酶分类、结构、调节作用、嫩化机制及分离纯化方法等方面进行了阐述。     

蜜蜂生物学与饲养管理技术研究进展

蜜蜂生物学与饲养管理技术研究是发展现代养蜂业的重要内容。近年来,世界各国养蜂业从事人员通过不断地探索与实践,在蜜蜂生物学领域取得了大量成果,并研发出了大量新的蜜蜂饲养管理技术和配套设施。对近3年国内外蜜蜂生物学与饲养技术进行综述,为促进我国养蜂业的发展提供借鉴。     

中草药提取残渣综合利用研究进展

论述了中草药提取残渣的循环再利用的应用领域,并介绍了在各个领域中中草药提取残渣的应用情况与研究现状,综合分析了中草药提取残渣再利用为实现中药材资源的循环再利用,减少环境污染的可持续性,从而为更加深入地研究中草药提取残渣用途,提高其利用价值,使中药行业走向绿色可持续发展道路提供更准确的研究思路。     

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.     

Whole genome sequence analysis to detect signatures of positive selection for high fecundity in sheep

Ovulation rate and prolificacy are the most important reproductive traits that have major impact on the efficiency of lamb meat production. Here, we compared the whole genomes of the Romanov sheep, known as one of the high prolific breeds, and four other sheep breeds namely Assaf, Awassi, Cambridge and British du cher, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep. Selection signature analysis revealed 637 and 477 protein‐coding genes under positive selection from F_ST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics, respectively. Further analysis showed that several candidate genes including LEPR, PDGFRL and KLF5 genes are involved in sheep prolificacy. The identified candidate genes in the selected regions are novel and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep and can be useful in sheep breeding programmes to develop improved breeds for high reproductive efficiency.     

Selection of biological control agents for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases in the field

Different screening methods for selection of biological control agents (BCAs), for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases, are discussed. The shortcomings of laboratory methods focused on mechanism of action are discussed and we conclude that these methods should be used with caution if candidates with multifactorial or plant mediated mechanisms of control are to be obtained. In vitro screens may be useful for specific groups of microorganisms, thus, screens for antibiotics may be relevant for Streptomyces spp., and promising results have been obtained using soil plating or precolonized agar methods to screen for mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytic ability. Experience with screening in the Nordic programme Biological control of seed borne diseases in cereals is summarized. Research in the four participating countries – Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark – followed the same paradigm: that of obtaining antagonists, well adapted to different Nordic environments, and developing them as effective BCAs. Potential antagonists were isolated from different sources and in planta screening methods were developed in order to optimize selection of antagonists effective against a range of seed borne pathogens. Screens in the laboratory or greenhouse were followed by screening in the field. The different screening procedures are compared and evaluated.     

罗布麻的研究现状及其开发利用

罗布麻是一种耐旱、耐盐碱、耐严寒酷暑、抗风力强、具有纤维价值和药用价值的野生优良水土保持植物.对罗布麻的研究现状进行了分析,阐述了它的开发利用价值、前景,并提出了罗布麻的开发利用途径,为更好的保护和合理开发利用罗布麻资源提供依据.     

半夏组织培养方法的比较研究

研究半夏块茎组织培养,探讨不同灭菌方法对半夏成活率的影响及不同培养基对形态发生的影响,结果表明:0.1%的升汞灭菌15min效果最佳;2,4-D 0.5 mg/L(单位下同)与KT 1.0组合有利于愈伤组织形成,诱导率最高;6-BA 1.0 mg/L(单位下同)与NAA 0.2组合有利于愈伤组织增殖,增殖效果好;2,4-D 0.2与6-BA 1.5组合有利于芽的分化;IBA 0.3或NAA 0.2诱导生根效果好.