苏北沿海地区啤酒大麦施肥技术

苏北沿海地区具有啤酒大麦生长得天独厚的自然条件,其是全国优质啤酒大麦主产区之一。通过对啤酒大麦科学施肥原则的阐述,提出了当地优质啤酒大麦科学施肥的方法和技术要点。     

Long-term catch trends and risk assessment of the Critically Endangered white-spotted wedgefish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) from South Africa

1. The white-spotted wedgefish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) is a Critically Endangered shark-like ray in the family Rhinidae. Throughout its Western Indian Ocean distribution, it is targeted for its valuable meat and fins and is reported to have undergone major population declines. However, there remains a need for species specific time-series data to accurately assess localized population declines.
2. This study used two independent long-term (37 and 40 years) time-series catch data from competitive shore angling and shark nets to investigate the size composition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) and conduct a risk assessment for the population on the east coast of South Africa.
3. From 1977 to 2017 the competitive shore fishery captured 7,703 individual R. djiddensis, whilst shark nets in the same region captured 2,856 individuals from 1981 to 2017. Individuals captured in the nets had a sex ratio of 1.8:1 females to males, and were larger than those caught by the anglers. Although the mean annual sizes of net-caught individuals were above the size of reported sexual maturity, there was little evidence to suggest that any individuals captured were reproductively active.
4. Both the competitive shore fishery and shark net catches exhibited strong seasonal trends with the majority of R. djiddensis catches occurring from October to May peaking in austral summer. Standardized CPUE from the competitive shore fishery declined substantially between 1977 and 2017 and shark net catches exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) fourfold decline in annual nominal CPUE from 1981 to 2017.
5. Ultimately, a risk assessment showed a 65.1% decline in abundance over a period of three generation lengths, which indicates that the sampled population of R. djiddensis in South Africa should be classified as Endangered according to the IUCN Red List using criterion A2b. The conservation implications of this are discussed.

     

苏北典型滩涂区土壤盐分动态与水平衡要素之间的关系

为获知苏北滩涂区土壤水盐动态行为,从而为后续的节水灌溉和滩涂区农田水管理策略提供理论依据,该文选取典型滩涂区,进行土壤水、盐和地下水埋深的长期连续监测,并根据大丰市气象站提供的降水、地表蒸散数据,对土壤盐分变化和水平衡要素之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明：土壤表层盐分最高,波动最为剧烈,随深度不断增加,盐分逐渐降低,且波动趋缓。试验区夏季降水丰富,蒸散量相对较低,土壤含水率高,地下水埋深浅;冬季降水少,蒸散量较高,土壤含水率下降,地下水埋深较深。地下水埋深和水补充量是0～40 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子;地下水埋深和蒸散量是60～80 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子。地下水盐分是土壤盐分累积的主要来源,降水脱盐作用仅对0～40 cm表土作用显著,蒸发积盐作用则在整个土壤剖面上具有影响。该研究为消减苏北滩涂区土壤盐渍化灾害提供了科学依据,对指导农业生产具有重要意义。     

广东沿岸牡蛎体内总汞含量变动趋势及其健康风险评价

为保障水产品质量安全和保护广东近岸海洋生态环境,于2004—2010年对广东沿岸17个主要港湾的海水养殖牡蛎进行了采样,运用原子荧光光谱法监测其总汞含量,并结合1989—1993年的历史监测数据分析了广东近岸海域总体及粤东、珠江口和粤西三大主要海区牡蛎体内汞的时空分布规律,应用单因子指数法和人体暴露风险系数法（HQ）评价了牡蛎体汞含量对人体暴露的健康风险。结果表明,1989—2010年广东沿海牡蛎体内汞含量的检出率为100%,变化范围为（0.080±0.114）mg·kg-（1湿重,下同）。单因子指数评价结果与风险系数（HQ）评价结果一致。上世纪80年代末（1989年）广东海域牡蛎体内汞含量处于污染水平,健康风险系数较大（HQ=3.39×10-2）;90年代（1991—1993年）牡蛎体内汞含量逐年降低,健康风险显著降低（HQ=2.23×10-2,P〈0.05）;2004年以来,全海域的牡蛎体内汞含量一直稳定地维持在较低水平（[0.012±0.006）mg·kg-1];粤东、珠江口海域牡蛎体内含量稳定下降,粤西海域降幅有所减小。2006—2010年,人均摄取牡蛎软组织20g·d-1,每年食用200d,食用20a后,在人均寿命70岁的时间内,其健康风险系数HQ为0.13×10-2,食用安全,不存在潜在的危害性,食用广东沿海牡蛎对人体日均总汞允许摄入限量的贡献率仅为0.13%。     

三种植被类型植物根系对崇明岛海岸带稳定性的影响

Coastal erosion is currently a major problem along the southern coast of Chongming Island, Shanghai. To enhance the erosion protection ability of coastal shelterbelts, two woody tree species, Taxodium ascendens and Salix babylonica, were planted separately into Phragmites australis + Scirpus mariqueter communities in 2006. Two years later, we investigated whether either of these experiments reduced erosion and increased stability in the native herbaceous plant community. We also examined soil stability and root length density under T. ascendens added, S. babylonica added and native herbaceous vegetation conditions along an intertidal gradient from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm in each experiment, thus to determine the capacity of T. ascendens and S. babylonica to contribute to shoreline stabilization. Topsoil under the native vegetation had greater stability at the middle and higher intertidal zones because its soil stability index and root length density were significantly higher than in the T. ascendens or S. babylonica planted communities. The effect of T. ascendens on soil stability was not generally better than that of the native vegetation. Only at the 20-30 cm soil depth of the middle intertidal zone and in the 10-20 cm layer of the higher intertidal zone the soil stability index and root length densities under the T. ascendens added condition were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the native vegetation. The S. babylonica planted soil had greater stability in the deeper soil layer than the soil under either the native vegetation or the T. ascendens added condition, and its soil stability index and root length density were significant higher (P < 0.05) than those of other vegetation conditions at the 30-40 cm soil depth for the lower intertidal zone and at the 20-40 cm layer for middle and higher intertidal zones.     

三峡水库试验性蓄水后小江沿岸水质研究

根据2010年3月－12月对三峡水库小江沿岸水体的水质监测数据,分析总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和叶绿素a等水质因子的时空变化规律,以及叶绿素a与水质因子之间的相互关系,评价水体富营养化水平。结果表明：总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和叶绿素 a含量分别为1.980±0.119mg/L、0.114±0.018mg/L、9.520±1.748 mg/L和23.342±8.810 mg/L,小江沿岸水体呈现中度富营养化水平。叶绿素a与水质因子间的相关关系分析发现,叶绿素a含量与温度、pH、溶解氧、亚硝酸氮和化学需氧量显著相关,与总氮、总磷不具有显著相关性。这说明小江沿岸水体叶绿素a含量与总营养盐无关,而主要与水体所含的有机质含量有关。     

山东近海口虾蛄单位补充量渔获量评估

为完善口虾蛄的基础生物学资料,并为口虾蛄资源的管理提供科学指导和理论依据,本研究根据2016至2017年山东近海渔业资源底拖网调查获得的口虾蛄体长、体质量数据,估算了口虾蛄的生长、死亡参数,构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)模型,研究口虾蛄的资源动态和管理策略。采集调查口虾蛄样品共5 028尾,体长—体质量关系的表达式为W=0.014 5L2.88,为负异速生长;使用ELEFAN方法估算出口虾蛄的渐进体长L∞为19.87 cm,生长速率K为0.62 a-1。口虾蛄的生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律,生长参数的季节振幅C为0.76,10月份生长最快,4月份生长最慢。通过体长转换的渔获曲线估算出口虾蛄的总死亡系数Z为3.24 a-1,根据不同方法估算自然死亡系数M的范围为0.75～1.27 a-1,捕捞死亡系数F的估算范围为1.96～2.49 a-1,开发率的均值为0.67。YPR模型结果显示,随着F增大,YPR值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的值分别为0.92a-1和1.88a-1。口虾蛄资源处于过度开发的状态,应降低捕捞压力,同时调整开捕体长,以维持口...     

环境因子对海防林土壤呼吸速率的影响

 为了揭示土壤呼吸的日间变化规律,寻找影响土壤呼吸速率强弱的生态因子,从而为海防林的造林营林技术提供重要依据,对胶南沿海混交林和灌木林的土壤呼吸速率及各环境因子进行研究。2种海防林林地土壤呼吸速率的日变化均呈现出单峰式的变化规律,灌木林的土壤呼吸速率明显高于混交林。地表温度是对土壤呼吸速率影响最大的环境因子之一,它与混交林和灌木林的土壤呼吸速率分别呈极显著和显著正相关关系。空气相对湿度与混交林土壤呼吸速率呈显著负相关,风速与灌木林土壤呼吸速率呈显著负相关。通过主成分分析和多元线性回归方法,得到了影响海防林土壤呼吸速率的主要环境因子及与土壤呼吸速率之间的多元回归模型。     

Long‐term residence of juvenile loggerhead turtles to foraging grounds: a potential conservation hotspot in the Mediterranean

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