单层不等高厂房横向抗震分析

以单层不等高厂房为研究对象,分别采用简化的底部剪力法和精确的振型分解反应谱法对其横向抗震性能进行计算分析。结果表明,采用现行规范中的底部剪力法及相应修正系数、公式,进行不等高厂房横向抗震分析时误差过大,建议采用较为精确的振型分解反应谱法。     

红砂种群自然更新与人工辅助恢复机理的初步研究

2003年7~10月,选择黄土丘陵区荒漠草原地带两个相似生境、5个不同干扰特征的中幼龄红砂种群更新恢复类型区为研究对象,采用系统取样法或样行法,开展了干扰条件下的红砂种群种子更新与恢复机理的初步研究。结果表明,红砂种子更新恢复能力与干扰水平呈正相关;干扰因子的特征不同,则更新恢复能力不同;尤其水分因子参与对红砂种群的自然更新与人工辅助恢复起着关键性的作用。以更新密度作为参数,其数值依次为:灌溉+整地+自然更新最大,平均为13.04丛/m2,变化在3~28丛/m2之间;无灌溉+整地+人工种植恢复平均为1.66丛/m2,变化在1~20丛/m2之间;无灌溉+整地+自然更新恢复平均为1.11丛/m2,变化在0.5~17丛/m2之间;无灌溉+破土+自然更新平均为0.255丛/m2,变化在0.1~3.0丛/m2之间;无干扰自然更新平均为0.012丛/m2。     

原油罐金属底板的腐蚀与防护

针对原油罐区的腐蚀现状，分析了原油罐底板的腐蚀机理，通过对原油一罐的腐蚀调查、底板测厚，以及对罐底脱水中腐蚀介质及沉积物样的化学分析，提出了使用WF－50防腐涂料加阴极保护的方案，该方案可有效地防止原油罐金属底板的腐蚀。     

川西南山地云南松林窗边界木偏冠现象与影响因素

树冠偏倚是树冠外部形态受生物学和非生物学因素综合影响的结果.该文研究了川西南山地阳性树种云南松的偏冠现象及其影响因素.云南松边界木偏冠现象普遍存在,树冠偏倚程度大于0.5的个体达到了95%(偏冠率1)和93%(偏冠率2).自然地理条件下,云南松边界木偏冠方向和方位可能有关,树冠偏向南方的边界木近80%,与地形和光照等非生物环境有关.云南松边界木偏冠程度受云南松自身特征的影响,偏冠率1和胸径、年龄、侧树间距、后树间距存在显著相关关系,和树高、枝下高间关系不显著.云南松偏冠受邻体树木分布影响,偏冠率2和侧树距离有关,和胸径、年龄、树高、枝下高、后树距离无显著相关关系.因此,云南松树冠偏倚程度受多种因素影响,受自身特征、邻体分布和非生物环境的相互作用.      

Assessment and selection of fungal antagonists against Rhizoctonia solani

The soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph, Thanatephorus cucumeris [A.B. Frank] Donk) is worldwide responsible for serious damage of many economically important agricultural and horticultural crops. Control of Rhizoctonia diseases is difficult because this pathogen survives for many years as sclerotia in soil or as mycelium in organic matter under numerous environmental conditions. Furthermore, the pathogen has an extremely wide host range. To date, no effective con…     

Projecting impacts of human disturbances to inform conservation planning and management in a dryland forest landscape

Systematic approaches to conservation planning and management require spatially explicit information on the dynamics of multiple disturbance processes, but progress in providing such information has been limited to date. Here we examine the use of a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics (LANDIS-II), incorporating a range of ecological processes, to examine the impacts of different types of disturbance on a dryland forest landscape in Central Chile. The model was parameterized using spatial data and results of a field survey, in which 21 native tree species were recorded, and one invasive exotic (Acacia dealbata). Seven disturbance scenarios were simulated, with different combinations of fire, browsing and tree cutting. Model results indicated relatively little impact of disturbance on forest cover but substantial differences in forest structure, with relatively old-growth forest stands (>120 years old) being virtually eliminated from the landscape in scenarios with both browsing and cutting. Tree species richness tended to be lower in those scenarios without disturbance, highlighting potential trade-offs between forest structure and species richness. Spread of A. dealbata was projected only to occur in the presence of fire when combined with browsing and/or cutting. These interactive effects of different forms of disturbance illustrate the value of process-based modeling approaches for exploring the spatial dynamics of multiple disturbance processes, but highlight the difficulty of identifying an optimum disturbance regime that would enable conservation objectives to be achieved. It is suggested that process-based models should form part of an analytical ‘toolkit’ to support the practical implementation of systematic conservation planning approaches.     

基于干扰度的迁西县生态环境分区

生态环境干扰度分区可指导和调节人类活动干扰的强度和方式 ,有利于合理开发资源和保护生态环境。以河北省迁西县为例 ,提出了选取生态环境干扰度指标因子的原则 ,进行了干扰度指标因子的分级及赋值 ,并应用灰色关联度分析确定指标因子的权重。经过综合评判 ,把迁西县生态环境划分为中度干扰区和轻度干扰区 ,并进一步细化为中 1干扰区、中 2干扰区、中 3干扰区、轻 1干扰区和轻 2干扰区。针对各干扰区的特点 ,提出了相应的调整人类活动强度和方式的对策     

不同干扰方式对东北山地沼泽土壤肥力的影响

 通过样地法对小浪底水库库区山地生态系统不同群落间的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D1)、Margalef物种丰富度(D2)、种间相遇概率(P)和Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)等多样性指数进行研究,利用统计方法分析不同群落的物种多样性指数与其所处环境的关系。结果表明:1)物种多样性指数和丰富度指数与群落类型有密切关系,同一类型的群落中,多样性指数随演替时间表现出复杂的关系;2)土壤含水量对H′、P、Jsw、D1等呈极显著的正相关性,土壤厚度与H′、D1、P呈显著正相关性;多样性指数与坡度无相关性;土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷等养分指标与多样性指数H′、D1有显著的正相关;3)多样性指数H′与乔木、灌木群落生物量表现为正相关关系,草本群落与D1相关性不显著;4)乔木林群落的恢复时间与Jsw、H′呈正相关关系,其余多样性指数(P、D1、D2)与恢复时间关系不显著(P>0.05);恢复时间每增加10a,群落物种数平均增加约6种;5)物种多样性指数H′与灌木的盖度和高度呈极显著正相关性;有些单优群落随高度增加和盖度提高,多样性指数反而表现出降低;6)草本植物群落的高度和盖度与物种丰富度指数D2与呈显著的负相关关系,与H′相关性不显著。     

芜湖市镜湖底泥TN、TP、重金属污染及其对上覆水体的影响

采集镜湖底泥及水样,研究底泥中重金属的污染现状,分析底泥TN、TP重金属与上覆水体相同成分的相关性,结果表明：（1）镜湖底泥TN、TP与水体TN、TP含量呈有著相关性,底泥N？P释放再悬浮是镜湖水体TN、TP来源之一。（2）镜湖除Cd严重超标外,Cu？Zn？Pb含量都很低;Cd（n）与Cd（w）有较好的负相关性,Cu（n）与Cu（w）？Zn（n）与Zn（w）？Pb（n）与Pb（w）相关性差。本研究为有关部门治理和管理镜湖提供理论依据。     

Dall''s sheep responses to overflights by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft

High rates of behavioural disruption caused by human activities could jeopardize the body condition and reproductive success of wildlife. I exposed Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) of the Yukon Territory to experimental overflights by a fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter. Aircraft approaches that were more direct (as determined by the aircraft's elevation and horizontal distance from sheep) were more likely to elicit fleeing or to disrupt resting. Latency to resume feeding or resting after fixed-wing overflights was longer during more direct approaches. During indirect approaches by helicopters, sheep far from rocky slopes were much more likely to flee than sheep on rocky slopes. Sheep did not flee while nearby helicopters flew along the opposite side of a ridge, presumably because the obstructive cover buffered disturbing stimuli. Results provide preliminary parameters for predicting energetic and fitness costs incurred as a function of overflight rates, and can help mitigate disturbance by guiding temporal and spatial restrictions to aircraft.