不同体重阶段川藏黑猪和杜长大猪肌肉中氨基酸含量研究

为了研究不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸沉积规律,试验采用高效液相色谱检测了不同体重梯度（90、110和130 kg）的川藏黑猪和杜长大（DLY）猪背最长肌中氨基酸含量。结果表明,谷氨酸在两猪种肌肉中含量最高,含硫氨基酸总量在90和130 kg体重梯度时表现为川藏黑猪显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）,110 kg体重梯度时极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,而同一猪种不同体重梯度间各种氨基酸组成差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例（FAA/TAA）在90 kg体重梯度表现为川藏黑猪极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,130 kg体重梯度时显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）。本研究说明川藏黑猪肌肉中与风味相关的氨基酸含量高于DLY猪,我们认为这也是川藏黑猪的肌肉风味比DLY猪更浓郁的重要原因之一。我们的研究初步揭示了不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸的沉积规律及构成差异,为进一步研究猪肉风味形成机理提供数据。     

吐鲁番黑羊MSTN/Smad信号通路基因表达的发育性变化

为探讨MSTN/Smad信号通路基因对吐鲁番黑羊肌肉生长发育的影响,采用实时定量PCR法,分别对1～6月龄吐鲁番黑羊的腿肌和尾脂MSTN/Smad信号通路基因进行检测.结果表明：MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在腿肌和尾脂组织中均有表达,MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在吐鲁番黑羊不同生长阶段的腿肌和尾脂中的表达没有出现随月龄的增加而一直增加或下降的趋势.     

2种中国黑块菌的介绍及可持续发展研究

黑块菌是一类珍稀的外生菌根食用菌。着重描述印度块菌和夏块菌的形态特征和鉴别特征,并介绍它们的生境及分布区域。同时,对块菌的可持续发展提出建议。     

Effect of retinoic acid on gene expression profiles of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes during adipogenesis

To investigate genes involved in intramuscular adipogenesis in ruminants, 16 genes with dramatic variable expression were selected. These were selected from the differentiation‐ and proliferation‐phase libraries of our previous serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) studies of a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cell line. We harvested the BIP cells over 12 days after adipogenic stimulation with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Quantitative real‐time PCR confirmed the earlier SAGE study results of the expression patterns of 15 of the genes. On day 6, TG accumulation increased significantly in the BIP cells but was completely inhibited in the 3T3‐L1 cells (the monogastric reference). ATRA enhanced expression levels of six genes whereas it suppressed expression of eight genes on day 3 of adipogenesis in the BIP cells. Forty‐eight hours after transfection, the messenger RNA expression level of the adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADFP), encoded by one of the upregulated genes, in the ADFP small interference RNA (siRNA)‐transfected cells was 3.5% of that in negative control‐transfected cells. Also, 6 days after induction the TG level in the ADFP siRNA‐transfected cells was 21.8% lower than that in negative control‐transfected cells. This analysis of gene expression profiles after ATRA treatment will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine intramuscular adipogenesis.     

Parentage assignment of stocked black sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthopagrus schlegelii</Emphasis> in Hiroshima Bay using microsatellite DNA markers

The genetic contribution of 51 broodstock, comprising 29 females and 22 males, reared at Hiroshima City Marine Products Promotion Center for the production of stocked black sea bream was monitored during two consecutive years using seven microsatellite DNA loci. The high discrimination ability of these markers was reflected in the polymorphic identification content (PIC=0.831), the exclusion probability (Q≈1), and the low probability of identity index (I=3.635⁻¹⁰). The total number of breeders contributing to the mating process was estimated at 32 (62.7%) in 2000 and 30 (58.8%) in 2001. On pedigree reconstruction, 69.3% of the offspring were successfully assigned to a single broodstock pair. Loss of alleles accounted for 16.9% during seed production; nevertheless, 90.9% of males and 69.0% of females participated in the mating process. Based on microsatellite genetic tagging, 58.9% of the fish sampled during the two months after release were identified as hatchery stock, presenting no significant differences from wild conspecifics in either fork length or body weight.     

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

饵料蛋白能量比对黑鲷幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

取黑鲷(Sparusmacrocephalus)幼鱼960尾,体重(3.39±0.18)g,以鱼粉和豆粕作为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油等比例混合油作为脂肪源,共配制4个蛋白水平(34%、38%、42%、46%),每一蛋白水平设3个脂肪水平(10%、13%、16%),共12种饵料,糖水平保持在16%左右,饵料的蛋白能量比(P/E)在96.76～136.21mg/kcal。黑鲷幼鱼随机分成12组,每组设2重复,实验为期42d。结果表明,对特定生长率(SGR)与饵料系数(FCR)的影响,以较高蛋白组(38%、42%、46%)显著优于低蛋白组(34%)(P<0.05),中、高脂肪组(13%、16%)显著优于低脂肪组(10%)(P<0.05);各组饵料对成活率的影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。当蛋白水平为42%,脂肪水平为16%时,黑鲷幼鱼获得最大特定生长率(3.20)、最高蛋白质效率(2.10)和最小饵料系数(1.14)。全鱼脂肪含量随着饵料中脂肪水平的提高而逐渐升高。在同一饵料蛋白水平内,全鱼蛋白与灰分含量随着饵料脂肪水平的提高呈逐渐升高趋势。经统计分析,饵料中不同蛋白能量比显著影响黑鲷幼鱼生长(P<0.05),饵料中脂肪有明显节约蛋白质的作用(P<0.05)。由生长及体成分的实验结果得出,黑鲷幼鱼的最适饵料蛋白水平为42%,最适蛋白能量比(P/E)为110.37mg/kcal。     

对虾白黑斑病的病原病因研究

对虾白黑斑病是养殖中国对虾的常见病，曾被怀疑是细菌性疾病，本试验通过对病虾肝胰腺、血液和病灶组织的细菌分离，对正常虾用白黑斑虾的细菌注射感染等一系列试验发现：细菌或其它生物性病原与对虾白黑斑病并无直接关系。     

不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响

试验研究人工配合饲料、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)(下称江蓠)、江蓠 裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、江蓠 肠浒苔(Enteromorpha intesinalis)、江蓠 裂片石莼 肠浒苔共5种饵料搭配方式对黑鲍幼鲍生长和存活的影响。试验进行35d,结果表明:(1)不同试验组之间的幼鲍的存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同试验处理对幼鲍的生长有显著影响(P<0.05)。江蓠 浒苔组、人工配合饲料组的黑鲍的特定生长率都显著大于其它饵料组(P<0.05);饲喂混合海藻的黑鲍的特定生长率显著大于单一海藻组(P<0.05)。壳长增长率、湿重增重率和干重增重率亦呈相似趋势。(3)幼鲍对不同饵料组合的转化效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在水温较高时用江蓠、石莼和浒苔组成的混合饵料代替人工配合饲料饲养幼鲍,同样可以达到高的生长率。     

锯缘青蟹人工繁殖技术

为了解决南方苗种少的困难及为北方增加新的养殖品种,在北方地区人工繁殖锯缘青蟹,生产苗种大量返销南方。2001年由南方购进待二次产卵膏蟹14只。在室内水泥池培育,抱卵率达42%,幼体成活率达50%。共孵化出幼体13 2万只,平均单位水体出苗(C1-C3)1100只/m3,怀卵量低与二次抱卵蟹卵质量较差有关,幼体死亡率高,主要是蜕皮不遂。