政治社会化视野下的高校思想政治教育 ——基于安徽农业大学学生政治社会化的调查研究

大学生政治社会化是大学生成为在政治上合格的社会公民的需要, 其顺利与否, 既关系到大学生的全面成才, 也关系到国家的前途和命运。大学生政治社会化是高校思想政治教育的一项重要任务,思想政治教育是大学生政治社会化的主要途径。本调查显示, 大学生政治社会化主流是好的, 但也存在一些问题。高校思想政治教育必须进行创新, 才能促进大学生形成稳定的政治人格和政治素质, 才能成长为合格的社会主义建设者和接班人。     

Attitudes of local people towards conservation and Gunung Halimun National Park in West Java,Indonesia

This paper examines local residents attitudes towards conservation and Gunung Halimun National Park, in West Java, Indonesia. A questionnaire survey and informal interviews are conducted among 74 households, in three villages, in and around the park. The survey reveals that almost all people knew about the existence and the laws of the park. Many people recognize and understand the importance of the global conservation of the park. In addition, most people agree that local participation is indispensable for conservation. Furthermore, people tend to be eager to use secondary forests or scrubs rather than primary forests or old secondary, recognizing the use of forest ecosystems in a sustainable manner. However, many people would like to claim the right to use the forests and lands within the park. People are only interested in meeting their daily needs from the park at the moment. Fortunately, they hope to participate in the park administration and are also enthusiastic about cooperating with related stakeholders including government authorities and NGOs. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the local community does not have enough information about the park and, consequently, people only follow the compulsory laws. Secondly, local conservation knowledge and the global objectives of park management cannot be harmonized because of the lack of information and agreement concerning the park between local people and government authorities. People do not have certain incentives to conserve biodiversity, as they cannot get any benefits from the park. Thirdly, in spite of these adverse findings, it largely depends on the government authorities capabilities whether the integrated park management can succeed or not, because people still have positive attitudes towards local participation.     

Effects of conservation education on reasons to conserve biological diversity

To examine factors that might influence how people subscribe to different reasons for conserving biological diversity, we modified Ehrenfeld's [American Scientist 64 (1976) 660] classic reasons for conserving species and habitats into consumption, tourism, medicine, science, education, environmental baselines, ecosystem services, intrinsic value, and added another, human cultural heritage. We then explored the opinions of undergraduates enrolled in a classic conservation biology course, or a people and conservation course, about these nine arguments, using a 27-statement questionnaire. By matching responses made before and after each course, we found that students, in general, became more committed to using most of Ehrenfeld's arguments but that this was highly contingent on which conservation course that they had taken. None became committed to the argument that linked wildlife conservation to human culture, however. Course and grade that students attained influenced the extent to which students were sympathetic to different arguments but gender had no effect. These findings show that the type of conservation knowledge imparted to students makes them differentially sympathetic to many of the arguments used to advocate wildlife conservation.     

A longitudinal study of veterinary students and recent graduates 4. Gender issues

Objective To study differences in experiences, attitudes and opinions between female and male veterinary students and recent graduates.
Design Longitudinal study.
Population Students – 77 males and 77 females – who began studying veterinary science at The University of Queensland in 1985 and 1986.
Procedure Questionnaires were completed in the first and fifth year of the course, and in the second year after graduation. The data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows.
Results Females decided to study veterinary science at a younger age than males and were more influenced by 'a love of animals', the image of veterinarians as portrayed on television, an interest in living things and in the scientific study of disease. Males were more influenced than females in aspects of the workplace: bosses and money. There were no gender differences in their background in relation to farms, or to animals, or in their career plans. However females when in first year expected a lower initial income than males; an expectation that was realised in the first year after graduation. As first year students and also as veterinarians, females had stronger views than males on animal welfare issues, and also felt that the veterinary profession had a lower status relative to other professions.
Conclusions Significant differences in attitudes and experiences exist between males and females entering the veterinary profession. The situation of females in relation to income and status is consistent with that in other professions, where females have been disadvantaged compared with males.     

A longitudinal study of veterinary students and recent graduates 2. Views of the veterinary profession

Objective To examine the development of attitudes and opinions relating to the veterinary profession.
Design Longitudinal study.
Population Students, 154 in all, who began studying veterinary science at The University of Queensland in 1985 and 1986.
Procedure Questionnaires were completed in the first and fifth year of the course and in the second year after graduation. The data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows.
Results Few changes in opinion over time were found on the role of the profession, or on the status and prestige of veterinarians. Changes did occur in views on the characteristics of a successful veterinarian, with increases in the perceived importance of interpersonal skills, and of the capacity to work hard, and decreases in the perceived importance of honesty and integrity, dedication and the prevention of cruelty. Attitudes hardened over time in relation to costs of treatment, non-payment of fees and availability out of hours. Individuals changed their opinion on whether to counsel or report an incompetent colleague, but the changes in one direction were approximately equal to those in the opposite direction.
Conclusions The attitudes and opinions of veterinary graduates result from experiences before and during their veterinary course. In general the perceived importance of interpersonal skills increases during the course, and the level of altruism decreases.     

马克思主义信仰发展的探索性研究——基于广州大学生的多个案分析

马克思主义信仰的主体状态有信仰者、徘徊者、不信仰者之分,马克思主义信仰者当中也存在着自觉不自愿、自愿不自觉、自觉且自愿的不同境界。这些不同的状态和境界是在动态中生成变化的,有前进型、停滞型和后退型之别。当代大学生马克思主义信仰健康发展,但也易流向不健康的信仰,应强化大学生马克思主义信仰教育。     

农民工群体的社会态度研究

分析了农民工社会态度的现状及原因,得到应不断改善农民工生存状况、健全社会保障体系、深化行政管理体制改革、切实维护农民工权益、提高农民工素质等启示。     

政策性农业保险试点地区农户参保行为的影响因素研究——以陕西省洛川县苹果保险为例

以陕西省洛川县为研究对象,依据问卷调查数据,选取家庭特征、农业生产风险、农户的风险态度和参保交易成本等指标,运用Logistic回归模型,对农户参保行为的影响因素进行分析与评价。结果表明,政府较保险公司对农户的参保行为影响更大;农业保险的保费并不构成农民参保的障碍;政府与保险公司的关系处理不当在很大程度上会影响当地农业保险的发展。为了促进农户参保,提出了相应的对策：一是增加农村教育投资,提高农民文化程度;二是政府利用其行政职能加大农业保险知识宣传力度;三是合理规划政府与保险公司之间的权利与义务;四是积极鼓励引导农户进行苹果的规模化生产,促进并形成规模经济。     

Interest in Participating in Integrated Wildlife/Livestock Land Uses in a Rural Area in South Africa

Wildlife ranching is the fastest growing industry in South Africa, with most ranches having been converted from large-scale livestock farms. This article investigated perceptions and attitudes of rural communities located in wildlife-rich rural areas toward integrated wildlife/livestock land uses, and analyzed socio-demographic factors influencing household interest in these land uses. Data were collected from 130 households selected through stratified random sampling techniques from nine villages adjacent to the Kruger National Park. Results showed a general interest in pursuing wildlife land uses, but differences in attitudes toward wildlife between households with cattle and without. Multinomial regression results indicated that age, education level, monthly income, and cattle ownership significantly impacted the odds of a household being interested in participation or not. Addressing concerns about human–wildlife conflict and clarifying potential benefits to households and the community is necessary for increased interest in integrated land uses.     

Supporting the Research Practices of Agricultural Scientists at Oregon State University

ABSTRACT

As part of a cross-institutional collaboration organized by Ithaka S+R, Oregon State University Libraries faculty interviewed 15 faculty members in the College of Agricultural Sciences about their research, publishing, and information management practices. The work of Agricultural Sciences faculty is uniquely influenced by their regional geography and climate, as well as by their local and disciplinary communities of practice, which includes both growers and scholars. Findings showed that publishing decisions, access to research, barriers to access, and a systems thinking approach were influenced by behaviors and standards established by these various communities. Implications for the libraries' role in discovery, access, and dissemination are considered and discussed.