油茶叶稀提取液中钾离子稳定性的分析

用盐酸萃取法和湿灰化法处理油茶叶试样,将其配制成3种pH值、4种不同浓度水平的稀溶液测定钾离子的含量。并对其稳定性进行研究,结果表明,这些溶液增加5%浓度的最短时间为6小时,浓度的增大增量为1.099ppm;浓度较高并已酸化的溶液,其稳定性可保持30小时以上。     

对蜂蜜中主要抗褐变因子的探讨

选用ＡＧ５０Ｗ－Ｘ８阳离子交换树脂，并以批处理的方式，成功地将蜂蜜中的肽类物质与其它组合得到了分离。抗褐变实验结果清楚地表明，蜂蜜中的肽类成分完全没有抑制褐变的活性。这与以前的报道截然不同。     

离子交换树脂作为花卉矿质营养载体的研究

离子交换树脂具有稳定的结构、固定的组成及很高的阴阳离子交换量。离子交换树脂具有良好的气、固、液三相。因此具有持水佳、载肥高、透气好等优点。当离子交换树脂中的矿质元素被植物大量吸收后，可以对其进行再生处理从而保证它能够反复使用。离子交换树脂是一个内存很大的化学库，它所吸附的营养元素不会被水淋洗而有所减少，植物在持有高水平矿质营养的离子交换树脂中亦不会受到反渗透伤害。此点经吸附有5000mg·kg-1钾的离子交换树脂对大丽花（DahliapinnataCav．）的栽培及吸附有5000mg·kg－1磷的离子交换树脂对蟹爪（ZygocacturstruncatusSchum）的栽培中得到证实。     

多胺交联纤维素树脂的合成及吸附性能(Ⅺ)——天然高分子吸附剂研究

报道了多乙烯多胺交联的纤维素树脂的合成及其对若干重金属离子的静态吸附性能和吸附机理。研究结果表明，该树脂能有效地吸附Ｃｕ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋，其吸附量可分别达１．２８，１．２４，０．５８，０．６６和０．９９ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ。在ＨＯＡｃ－ＮａＯＡｃ缓冲溶液中可选择吸附Ｃｕ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋等离子而不吸附Ｐｂ２＋。     

Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪研究异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性

为获得不同因素对异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响规律,同时验证Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪预测和评价水乳剂物理稳定性的可行性,利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪,结合加速试验[(54±2)℃,14d]结果,研究了乳化剂用量、体系pH和电解质离子等对磷酸酯盐稳定的异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响。结果表明:乳化剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯三乙醇胺盐(SCP)用量为6.0%(质量分数)时,水乳剂稳定性最好;过酸或过碱均会破坏水乳剂的稳定性,pH=9时水乳剂可获得较好的稳定性;Mg2+压缩油水界面双电层,导致水乳剂稳定性下降,且Mg2+添加浓度越大,水乳剂越不稳定。Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪以多重光散射为技术核心,在不破坏样品的前提下,能够准确测定乳状液中浮油、沉淀和液滴粒径大小的变化情况,与加速试验结果吻合度高,不仅能够缩短试验周期,而且可以分析不稳定现象发生的机理。     

探讨砂仁及鸡血藤之水萃物对肠道健康及功能的影响

研究透过仓鼠的体内试验,探讨砂仁(Amomifructus)及鸡血藤(Millettiareticulata)之水萃物对肠道酵素(如:麦芽糖酶及蔗糖酶)、粪便细菌酵素(如:b-葡萄糖酶、b-葡萄糖醛酸酶、黏液素酶及尿素酶等)及盲肠内容物中短链脂肪酸之影响,藉此评估此2种水萃物对肠道健康调节及改善的评估。由实验分析结果得知,水萃物对肠道酵素并无显著差异,但可明显增加粪便的含水量及缩短肠道通过时间,因此可减少有毒物质之产生和吸收,预防肠道产生一些特殊疾病。此外,相较于控制组下,一方面此2种中草药水萃物对b-葡萄糖酶、b-葡萄糖醛酸酶、黏液素酶与尿素酶活性呈现不同程度的降低效果;另一方面,此2种水萃物明显可提高盲肠内容物中短链脂肪酸的含量,尤以鸡血藤最为显著。综合分析结果,0.5%中草药水萃物透过降低仓鼠肠道中有害微生物的代谢活性,及促进有益菌的产生而提高发酵能力,藉此而有助于促进肠道健康。     

Responses of Some Newly Developed Salt-tolerant Genotypes of Spring Wheat to Salt Stress: 1. Yield Components and Ion Distribution

The degree of salt tolerance of two newly developed genotypes of spring wheat, S24 and S36 was assessed with respect to their parents, LU26S (from Pakistan) and Kharchia (from India). These four lines along with a salt-tolerant genotype SARC-1 and two salt-sensitive cvs Potohar and Yecora Rojo were subjected to salinized sand culture containing 0, 125 or 250 mol m^?3 NaCl in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. S24 produced significantly greater grain yield and had greater 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant than those of the other cultivars /lines. S36 was not significantly different from its parents in seed yield and yield components. SARC-1 was the second highest in grain yield of all cultivars/lines, but it did not differ significantly from LU26S and Kharchia in 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant. The greater degree of salt tolerance of S24 could be related to its lower accumulation of Na⁺ in the leaves and maintenance of higher leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity as compared to its parents. S36, which was as good as its parents in growth, also had lower Na⁺ and higher K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity in the leaves at the highest salt level than those in its parents. SARC-1 did not differ from LU26S and Kharchia in ionic content or K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities of both leaves and roots. Both the salt-sensitive cultivars, Potohar and Yecora Rojo, had significantly greater leaf Na⁺ and Cl^? concentrations and lower leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities than all the salt-tolerant lines examined in this study. From this study it is evident that improvement in salt tolerance of spring wheat is possible through selection and breeding, and pattern of ion accumulation is not consistent among the salt-tolerant genotypes in relation to their degree of salt tolerance.     

Influence of chloride and sulphate ions on soil enzymes

Ammonium chloride (AC) and ammonium sulphate (AS) are commonly used nitrogen fertilizers. But the effect of chloride and sulphate ions from these fertilizers on soil enzyme activity has received scant attention. Hence, we conducted a pot culture study to assess the influence of chloride (as AC) and sulphate (as AS) on the activities of urease, amidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase in soil using rice as the test crop. Chloride and sulphate levels were fixed at 132, 264 and 396 kg ha⁻¹ respectively. Controls were also performed. The enzymes were assayed at three stages of the crop growth viz., active tillering, panicle initiation and harvest.
The enzyme activities decreased with increasing chloride and sulphate levels; however, the degree of inhibition varied among the enzymes assayed and the nature and amounts of salts added. The inhibition may be due to the specific effects of chloride and sulphate ions on microbial growth and subsequent enzyme synthesis, osmotic desiccation leading to microbial cell lysis, and a salting-out effect modifying the ionic conformation of the active site of the enzyme protein.     

观赏植物诱变育种的研究现状和展望

本文综述了观赏植物辐射诱变育种的研究现状,并对花卉辐照诱变的手段、方法、处理材料和适宜辐照剂量、辐照机理与方法及应用作了总结,同时对观赏植物辐射诱变育种存在的问题及发展方向进行了探讨。