基于"湿岛"效应的六盘山自然保护区降水差异影响分析

选取1975—2015年六盘山自然保护区附近各气象站和保护区内外自动气象观测站的降水资料,利用EXCEL、SPSS统计软件,统计保护区各站多年降水量平均值,并对比分析不同观测站点的降水差异。结果表明,保护区降水量的分布受地形影响很大,夏季东坡迎风坡比西坡北风坡降水量多;降水量分布有南多北少和东多西少的特点。在海拔2 600 m以下地区是随着地势增高而降水量增多,在2 600 m以上地区随地势增高而降水量减少。降水有明显的季节特征,夏秋多、冬春少。     

苏州太湖三山岛国家湿地公园种子植物资源调查

[目的]详细了解苏州太湖三山岛国家湿地公园植物种类多样性。[方法]采用野外全面踏查、拍照、现场采样与实验室鉴定相结合的方法,调查了苏州太湖三山岛国家湿地公园种子植物资源。[结果]该地区主要有种子植物351种,分属107科259属。[结论]该地区是苏州乡土植物种子资源的一个脆弱的保存基地。有关部门必须强化对湿地旅游活动的监管以及对外来引入物种的监管和繁育研究,以更好地保护该地区的生物多样性。     

海南植物增补(Ⅸ)

报道了海南岛3种新记录植物,包括柳叶牛膝Achyranthes longifolia（Makino）Makino,盾叶冷水花Pilea peltata Hance以及西川朴Celtis vandervoetiana Schneid．．引用的标本全部存放在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆,即原华南植物研究所标本馆（IBSC）．     

Nursery fertilization enhances survival and physiological status in Canary Island pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus canariensis</Emphasis>) seedlings planted in a semiarid environment

We tested the hypothesis that fertilized containerized Pinus canariensis seedlings increases survival when planted in semiarid sites through the improvement of their physiological status during the establishment phase by an increment in root growth. Seedlings were cultured under two different regimes: traditional (in non-fertilized natural soil) and alternative (in fertilized peat). Morphological attributes and nitrogen content were measured before planting. Measurements of survival and growth in the plantation were made periodically for 2 years and physiological plant responses (leaf water potential, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence) during the third summer after planting were tested and finally a set of plants were excavated to measure the same parameters as before planting. Seedlings cultivated using fertilized peat achieved the highest values for all of evaluated parameters. During the third dry season, big seedlings exhibited better physiological status. Therefore, enhanced root growth can result in better water uptake during the dry period thereby increasing survival and growth in the next few years after planting. A feed-back physiological model is proposed to explain P. canariensis establishment in a semiarid environment.     

海南岛上岸渔获调查与分析

上岸渔获调查是调查渔业资源的主要方法之一。通过2010年9月至2011年8月监测海南岛主要渔港渔情,统计分析渔获上岸量、渔获组成和作业类型,评估南海渔业资源开发现状并提出建议。结果表明,1）低值幼鱼渔获比例超过40％,经济渔获蓝圆鲹（Decapterusmaruadsi）、带鱼（Trichiurushaumela）、马鲛（Scomber-morus）、眼镜鱼（Menemaculata）、金线鱼（Nemipterus）和头足类（Cephalopoda）的总和不足25％;2）蓝圆骖和带鱼是海南岛上岸渔获的优势种;3）拖网是海南岛近海渔获量最高的作业类型;4）海南岛近海底层渔业资源已严重衰退,远海中上层渔业资源具有巨大开发潜力。建议禁止海南岛近海拖网生产,允许南海休渔期间灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,通过增加远海作业船只的柴油补贴等途径扶持灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,构建“养护近海渔业、开发远海渔业”的新捕捞格局。     

Ecological relationships between landscape change and plant guilds in depressional wetlands

Plant guilds used to measure the relationships between wetlandplant community characteristics and landscape change around 31 depressionalwetlands in central Ohio, USA. Characteristics of certain plant guilds withineach wetland site are correlated with changes in: (a) area of urban land cover,forest, grassland, agriculture, and open-water in the local vicinity ofthe wetland; (b) inter-wetland distance; and (c) wetland size (area).Taxa richness is negatively correlated with inter-wetland distance forall plant guilds, except submersed herbaceous plants. Taxa richness of thesubmersed herbaceous plant guild (usually less than 20% of the totalnumber of plant species at a wetland) is positively correlated with the area ofopen-water in the local landscape and with the areaofthe wetland site itself. Significant positive correlationsalso exist between the area of open-water in the vicinity of the wetlandand the proportion of submersed herbaceous plant taxa at the site, the numberofnative submersed herbaceous plant species, the submersed herbaceous plantperennial-to-annual ratio, and the number ofavian-dispersed submersed herbaceous plant species at a site. Theresults suggest that (a) the dominance of submersed herbaceousplantspecies at a site is related to dispersal constraints between wetlands, and (b)the relatively slower physiological response of woody plants to local landscapechange may result in their contribution to greater ecologicalinertia in the plant community as a whole. For these reasons,relationships between the plant community and land cover change may not alwaysbe observed unless analyzed at the level of plant-guild.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Dynamic Change of Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in the Whole Procreative Process of the Tarim Island Cotton

对塔里木海岛棉生育全程土壤微生物与酶活性的动态变化进行了检测,测试结果表明:(1)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤养分比塔河滩地高出6.58%-37.42%,特别是全钾、速效钾比塔河滩地高出29.02%-37.42%。(2)微生物数量变化呈现如下变化趋势:细菌类群在夏季有生长高峰,秋季略有回升;真菌在春季存在生长高峰,夏季处于低谷,秋季生物活性开始回升;放线菌生长高峰位于夏季,春秋季处于低谷。在土壤微生物区系构成中,细菌占据绝对优势,暗示土壤养分的转化主要靠细菌完成。(3)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤酶中的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性都高于塔河滩地海岛棉田,并且土壤酶活性的变化在整个生育期内与海岛棉生长发育动态规律表现出良好的协调性,表现在满足海岛棉不同时期对土壤养分的需求方面土壤酶类具有不可忽视的作用。     

发展海南畜牧业的战略性措施

分析了海南畜牧业发展的现状和问题,阐明了实行草食家畜生产战略重点转移的必要性、意义和条件,并提出了实施这一战略措施的对策。     

海南橡胶林林下药用植物资源调查

【目的】调查海南橡胶林林下药用植物资源状况,为林下药用植物资源的保护与开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用野外实地调查、资料查询、标本采集与鉴定的方法,对海南橡胶林林下药用植物资源分布、种类进行统计和分析。【结果】海南橡胶林林下有药用植物102科288属415种,其中裸子植物1科1属1种,药用蕨类植物11科14属20种,药用被子植物90科273属394种;药用植物中全株可以入药的植物有331种,占79.8%,清热药种类最多,达到163种,占总数的39.3%。【结论】海南橡胶林林下药用植物资源丰富,应结合当地实际情况选择林药一体化的种植模式,加大林下药用植物开发力度,促进南药产业发展。