广东海陵岛滨海植物资源调查与造景应用效果研究

通过调查广东海陵岛的野生植物资源,共记录了38科76种滨海植物,并以植物的生长繁殖力、耐盐性、抗病虫害能力、耐修剪性和观赏效果为5项指标,筛选出18种最适宜滨海园林应用的植物,其中应用在保利银滩项目中的木麻黄、马鞍藤和草海桐,具有较强抵御滨海恶劣气候的能力。     

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.     

Reproductive biology of common silver biddy Gerres oyena in Okinawa Island of southern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Common silver biddy Gerres oyena were collected monthly between November 2002 and November 2005 in Okinawa Island of southern Japan. The seasonal reproductive cycle of this species was investigated using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and through histological observation of gonads. Temporal variation in the GSI reflected gonadal development from histological observations; ovary development occurred from March to September and testes development occurred between March and August. Maximal development was observed in April and May in both sexes. While mean values for hepatosomatic and lipidosomatic indices decreased markedly in females relative to males during gonadal development, mean condition factors decreased with gonadal recrudescence in both sexes. The minimum standard length (SL) at sexual maturity was 89.7 mm for females and 81.4 mm for males and the size at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature was 104 and 92 mm SL in females and males, respectively. The power relationships of batch fecundity (BF) versus standard length (SL, mm) and body weight (BW, g) of females can be expressed as BF  = 46.7 × e^{1.64 SL} and BF  = 19 697 × e^{0.49 BW} , respectively.     

南疆阿拉尔垦区海岛棉耗水规律研究

通过对7个海岛棉品种土壤水分动态变化分析研究,结果表明,不同品种各生育期土壤含水量、土壤蓄水量存在极显著差异。所有品种土壤含水量在不同土层的变化趋势基本一致,呈现出“Z”字型的规律性变化。即随土层深度的增加,土壤含水量逐渐减少,80～100 cm土层土壤含水量又升高。含水量最高的土层是0～20 cm,最低的土层是60～80 cm。这种规律性变化与棉花生长特点、根系的发育特点以及吸收特点有关。534I、Z181、新海21是节水型品种,能够较充分地利用有限的灌溉水,在干旱半干旱地区具有强大的优势。     

海南岛清澜港红树树种适应生境能力与水平分布*

红树植物的器官形态变异反映了它们对于不同潮间带生境的适应能力，灰色聚类分析结果表明杯萼海桑、海桑、正红树属于适应潮间带生境能力强的种类，木榄、海莲属于适应潮间带生境弱的种类。适应能力强者在低、中潮滩组建群落，适应能力低者在高、中潮滩组建群落。随潮间带淤积升高，适应能力强者不断向外占领裸滩，适应能力弱者不断侵入适应能力强者的迹地。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林下层乔木中华厚壳桂光合生理生态特性的研究

2001年旱季,用Li 6400便携式光合测定仪对尖峰岭热带山地雨林下层乔木中华厚壳桂主要光合生理生态因子进行了初步测定,结果显示:冠层不同部位叶片的净光合速率无明显差异;中华厚壳桂具有较低的光饱和点(800μmol·m-2·s-1)、光补偿点(15～20μmol·m-2·s-1)和最大光合速率(≤7μmolCO2·m-2·s-1)等耐荫性光合特性,并且缺乏对高光强改变的光合调节能力,但对光斑却有快速的光合响应能力;短期内高CO2浓度会使其光合速率增加,但对气孔导度和蒸腾作用却有抑制作用;在光合最适温度范围内,温度的升高将明显促进光合作用,温度升高4℃能够使其净光合速率平均提高1 6倍,但一旦超过此范围,温度的升高却将抑制光合作用的进行。在自然条件下净光合速率与光照、温度、CO2浓度及气孔导度并无明显的相关关系,而在控制条件下却呈显著的曲线相关。     

海南北部地区热带雨林的组成特征

在海南东北部农村周边植物调查过程中,发现了分布在这一区域的青梅林。基于与海南其他热带雨林的植物区系成分和群落结构的比较,认为此青梅林是海南东北部原有森林的幸存者,与海南现有的典型热带雨林属一个类型,是海南北部地区热带雨林幸存的活证据,所不同的是次生性强,优势种明显。     

海南岛热带森林生物多样性研究进展

生物多样性是生态学研究中一个重要的领域,海南岛热带林有很高的生物多样性。阐述海南岛热带林生物多样性的意义和研究进展,介绍海南岛热带林物种多样性、遗传多样性、生态系统多样性和景观多样性特点,结合生物多样性锐减的现状提出了相应的保护建议。     

The process of decline of an endangered tree species,Pinus armandii Franch. var.amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima, on the southern slope of Mt. Hasa-dake in Yaku-shima Island

The process of decline of an endangered tree species,Pinus armandii var.amamiana, was monitored on the southern slope of Mt. Hasa-dake in Yaku-shima Island from 1994 to 1998. There are 163 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana over 1.3 m in height. They are distributed on steep ridges and rocks with a thin soil layer mostly consisting of friable granite. During the monitoring period, 21 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana died and the mortality rate was 12.9%. Dead trees were categorized into three types: standing, uprooted and landslide. The uprooted- and landslide-typed dead trees were found only after a severe typhoon struck Yaku-shima Island. This suggests that the combination of fragile site conditions and severe typhoons play an important role in the process of decline ofP. armandii var.amamiana. The standing-typed dead trees were presumed to have been killed by pine wilt disease, accounting for 71.4% of the dead trees. However,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the cause of pine wilt disease, was not detected from any of the wood chips or branch samples from the standing-typed dead trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana. This might indicate that some factor(s) other than pine wilt disease could be responsible for the standing-typed death ofP. armandii var.amamiana in natural habitats. A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society.