兔斯氏艾美耳球虫病的病理学诊断

[目的]对某养殖场送检患病幼兔进行病理学诊断。[方法]剖检后对患病幼兔的肝脏及粪便进行涂片检查,并利用常规石蜡切片对其进行病理变化观察。[结果]剖检可见幼兔肝脏肿大,表面和切面可见黄白色小结节,结节内充满黄绿色脓性分泌物或干酪样物质。肝脏涂片检查可见艾美耳球虫虫卵及大、小配子体,粪便检查未见球虫卵囊。组织病理学观察结果表明,肝脏组织结构破坏,胆管上皮增生,在增生的胆管上皮内可观察到不同发育阶段的斯氏艾美耳球虫卵囊、大配子体和小配子体。[结论]送检幼兔被诊断为斯氏艾美耳球虫病。     

SNPs在荷斯坦青年公牛选育中的应用研究

本试验以25头荷斯坦青年种公牛为研究对象,以8头验证种公牛的各8头女儿共计64头中国荷斯坦牛为参照群体,利用DNA测序方法检测κ-CN基因、leptin基因、DGAT1基因、DGAT2基因的SNP位点,结果共发现7个SNP位点,并利用7个SNP的标记效应对25头青年荷斯坦种公牛生产性能进行了基因组育种值估测。结果发现s1、s2、s3、s4、s5、s6、s7、s10、s11、s13、s16、s18、s19、s20、s21、s22、s23和s24青年公牛生产性能高,s8、s9、s12、s14、s15、s17、s25公牛生产性能低。     

苏柳932等5个柳树优良无性系幼林生长及干形的初步研究

为进一步了解柳树优良无性系的生长特点,为无性系的合理利用提供依据,对苏柳932,799,795,797和172等5个柳树优良无性系2年生幼林的树高、胸径、材积等生长指标以及生物量和形率进行了测定分析。结果表明,苏柳5个无性系的胸径平均值为4．28cm,其中苏柳172的平均胸径最大（4．71cm）;树高平均值为6．97m,其中苏柳795平均树高最高（7．75m）。苏柳795的形率qo．5、q0．7值分别为0．68,0．44,是各无性系中形率的最高值,主干生物量占单株地上部分总生物量的比例最高（76．02％）,出材率高,是优良的用材林树种;而苏柳932的总生物量最高,为12．35kg／株,枝量、叶量占总生物量的比例最大,为42．0％,14．4％,属于防风防浪和生物能源林的造林良种。     

富含多糖甜玉米幼穗RNA提取及高温胁迫基因表达分析

以改良Trizol试剂法从富含多糖的甜玉米幼穗中提取高质量、完整的总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR对高温胁迫下粤甜13雌穗发育的8个差异表达基因进行分析。结果表明,8个基因分为上调表达和下调表达,实时荧光定量PCR和测序法基因表达谱检测的基因上调或下调表达的趋势一致,上调表达基因ZM2G058057和下调表达基因ZM2G059964、ZM2G044670相对表达量较高,可能在高温胁迫影响甜玉米幼雌穗发育过程中起更重要的作用。     

Characterization and bioactivities of young rice protein hydrolysates

Immature rice was reported to contain higher quantities of bioactive compounds than mature rice. Young rice protein is easy to digest and has hypoallergenic potential, with protein content of 7.2–11.5% compared to rice bran at 9.8%. Few studies have reported on bioactivities and characterization of young rice proteins and their hydrolysates. Bioactivities of native protein and protein hydrolysates of two rice varieties (white rice and colored rice) were characterized and investigated for four development stages (flowery, milky, dough, and mature). Degree of hydrolysis of young rice protein was considerably higher than at the mature stage. Highest DPPH and iron chelating activity were found in alcalase® protein hydrolysate during the flowery-to-milky stage. Iron chelating activity was constant in all development stages because of the low polar amino acid content in rice. The ACE activity of alcalase® protein hydrolysate was higher than native protein at the same development stage, as observed in the milky and dough stages. Inhibitory activity of young rice hydrolysate HepG2 cells was concentration-dependent and not correlated with protein molecular size.     

Stress response of extensively reared young bulls being transported to growing-finishing farms under Spanish summer commercial conditions

To evaluate the effect of Spanish summer commercial journeys on the stress response of young bulls born and reared under extensive conditions, 2 replicates of a transport from an assembly centre to a growing-finishing farm were studied. Journeys lasted 27 h, involving a total of 62 young bulls. Variables under study included haematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), total white blood cell count (WBC), differential WBC counts, serum haptoglobin (Hp), cortisol, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and albumin at loading, at the end of an intermediate market stop, and at the unloading. Before the beginning of the journey elevated WBC and neutrophil counts, and high Hp values were detected, reflecting high stress levels probably as a consequence of previous procedures associated with the grouping at the assembly centre. Some stress was also detected at the end of the market stop, with cortisol increasing from 6.5 to 12.6 ± 2.0 ng/mL (P < 0.001), although a change in Hp concentration was not observed. Neither CPK and LDH activities, related to muscular tissue damage, nor haematocrit and RBC count, related to dehydration revealed a significant effect of this first stage of the journey on the physical stress of the young bulls. Subsequent 13 h transport to the growing-finishing farm induced an increase in Hp levels from 0.48 to 0.78 ± 0.16 mg/mL (P < 0.001), reflecting an onset of the acute stress response, although cortisol levels immediately after the unloading were similar to those found before loading at the market, suggesting that calves got accustomed to transport. At the end of the journey some dehydration and physical stress were also detected. Overall, our study provides new information to the discussion of the effect of temperatures during cattle transport. Although an improvement in pre-transport conditions is essential if the welfare of assembled and transported cattle is to be improved, the stress-related alteration of cattle physiology under Spanish summer commercial transport conditions is similar to that observed under colder conditions.     

袋控缓释肥对桃幼树生长发育的影响

袋控缓释肥根据果树树体较大的特性,结合果树养分需求特性,采用纸塑材料做成的控释袋包裹掺混肥料,袋上针刺微孔,利用微孔控制养分释放,达到供肥和养分需求相一致。大田试验结果表明,施肥后袋控缓释处理土壤Nmin比撒施稳定,土壤Nmin含量维持在60mg/kg左右,养分释放缓慢、平稳,能满足幼树生长发育需要;1次撒施处理施肥2周后土壤Nmin含量达100mg/kg,随后急剧下降,8周后降至不施肥水平;2次撒施处理每次施肥2周后土壤Nmin含量达80mg/kg,即2个高峰。袋控缓释处理桃树根系含有大量的毛细根,与其它处理差异显著,但不施肥处理根系分布范围最广。袋控缓释处理桃树地上部树势中庸,不旺长;撒施处理在第2次施肥前以1次撒施地上部长势最旺,第2次施肥后以2次撒施地上部长势最旺。袋控缓释处理2007年开花观察时,开花数和坐果量均最高;2008年休眠期观察时,单位枝条长度花芽数量最多。     

不同移栽方式对烤烟‘KRK26’生长发育和产质量影响研究

为研究不同移栽方式对烤烟‘KRK26’生长发育和产、质量影响,进行了膜下小苗移栽与膜上壮苗移栽对比试验。结果表明,膜下小苗移栽方式能有效促进烤烟生长发育,缩短烤烟大田生育期,烟叶成熟期提前8天。同时改善烟叶外观质量,化学成分更加协调,使烟叶单产提高10.5%,上等烟率提高0.9%,产值提高11.3%。试验证明了德宏烟区膜下小苗移栽的优势,为德宏烟区烤烟最佳移栽方式提供依据。     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

连续亏缺灌溉与根系分区灌溉对苹果幼树根系生长的影响

利用传统盆栽方法,于2007年5～10月在山东省烟台市农业科学院果树研究所实验果园进行了常规灌溉[Conventional irrigation,CI,在树盘两侧按100%的蒸发量(直径为120mm的蒸发皿测定)进行灌溉]、根系分区灌溉(Partial root-zonei rrigation,PRI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧交替灌溉)和连续亏缺灌溉(Continuous deficit imigation,CDI,灌溉水量为CI的50%,树盘两侧均匀灌溉)试验,研究了3种灌溉模式对2龄苹果幼树(品种为"长富2号")根系生长的影响。结果表明:PRI处理的根长比CI和CDI处理长,CDI处理最短;PRI处理显著促进了直径2mm的吸收根的生长,但吸收根对增加总根干物质量贡献不显著。3种灌溉处理的苹果幼树根系生物量积累近似"S"形曲线。由于PRI处理的土壤含水量适宜,土壤通气性较好,其根系活力、生长速度和最终根干物质量都明显大于其他处理;CI处理土壤水分过于充足,根系生长出现避水性,因而根系生长相对缓慢,根系活力下降,根生物量介于CDI和PRI之间;CDI处理因土壤持续干旱,根系活力和根干物质量最小。3种灌溉处理的根冠比随灌溉时间的增加呈下降趋势,CI的下降幅度大于CDI和PRI,PRI的根冠比最大(处理90d时以CDI处理的根冠比最大),CI的根冠比最小,CDI介于二者之间。说明在供水量减少50%的情况下,PRI灌水方式可促进苹果幼树根系的生长,而持续湿润或干燥均不利于根系的生长。