考虑水库来用水过程关联性的多维随机动态规划算法

水库来水和以农业灌溉用水为典型代表的用水过程均受到气候条件的显著影响.气候过程的随机性会导致水库入库径流(供给侧)与需求过程(需求侧)的随机性;同时,流域气候条件的空间相似性使得二者之间存在一定程度的关联性.为有效解决水库随机优化调度中来用水过程的随机性与关联性问题,该研究采用Copula函数描述多维变量的随机性与关联...     

三道河水库浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征的初步研究

研究了湖北省三道河水库２００７年８月至２００８年４月浮游甲壳动物的群落结构及现存量的时空变化。三道河水库６个采样点（Ⅰ ～Ⅵ）共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物８科、１３属、２１种,其中枝角类５科、９属、１４种,优势种为简弧象鼻蟤（Ｂｏｓｍｉｎａｃｏｒｅｇｏｎｉ）、短尾秀体蟤（Ｄｉａｐｈａｎｏｓｏｍａｂｒａｃｈｙｕｒｕｍ）和透明蟤（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｈｙａｌｉｎ）;桡足类３科、４属、７种,优势种为广布中剑水蚤（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓｌｅｕｃｋａｒｔｉ）和汤匙华哲水蚤（Ｓｉｎｏｃａｌａｎｕｓｄｏｒｒｉｉ）。浮游甲壳动物年平均密度为９２．６个／Ｌ,枝角类和桡足类分别为３６．９个／Ｌ和５５．７个／Ｌ;平均生物量为１．１２６ｍｇ／Ｌ,枝角类和桡足类分别为０．７３７ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．３８９ｍｇ／Ｌ。浮游甲壳动物现存量的季节变化明显,密度和生物量由高到低依次为秋季＞夏季＞冬季＞春季。浮游甲壳动物密度的水平分布差异明显,采样点的密度和生物量由高到低为Ⅱ ＞Ⅵ ＞Ⅲ ＞Ⅰ ＞Ⅳ ＞Ⅴ。     

基于Ｂｅｖｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｈｏｌ鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌种群管理研究

作者于2007年4月至2008年4月间,在鲇鱼山水库采集翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus Basilewsky）样本885尾。对鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的种群管理进行了研究,建立了翘嘴鲌的种群管理模型。建立了Beverton-Holt种群管理模型。在目前开捕年龄tc=2龄,自然死亡系数M=0.4654,捕捞死亡系数F=0.5485,生长系数k=0.2331的情况下,鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌渔获物的平均体长为29.91cm,平均体重为278.76g,平均年龄为2.05龄;单位补充量渔获量（Yw/R）为467.2851g/尾。建议将鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的捕捞年龄提高到3龄,有效的保护性成熟个体,提高种群补充数量,并目前捕捞强度下渔获量达到最大值,以达到最大经济效益。     

新疆福海水库浮游植物生态初步研究

于2008年7月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)和2009年5月(丰水期)在福海水库上游、中段和坝前共设9个采样点,对水库内浮游植物群落进行了调查研究.结果:共采集浮游植物8门88种,优势种为小席藻(Phormidittmtertue tentts)、拟菱形弓形藻(Schroederia nitzschioides)、针形...     

柴河水库水生态环境保护的探索与实践

柴河水库从流域污染控制、生物修复措施、工程措施和渔业管理等方面进行流域综合治理。通过控制工业、农业和生活污染源头,利用退耕还林、退耕还草和生态果园建设等生物修复技术,堵截污染源、移山造坡、恢复植被、客土固化、生态挡土墙、格栅内种植草坪和改造家属区等工程措施与生物修复技术相结合,并加强渔业管理,探索并实践了水生态环境保护的系列措施,取得明显效果,水环境状况向好的趋势转变。     

Variation in characteristics among gizzard shad populations: The role of impoundment size and productivity

Population characteristics of gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur), an ecologically important fish species in Midwestern and southern USA impoundments, vary widely among water bodies. Impoundment productivity is known to influence population variables (e.g., recruitment, growth, mortality, size and age composition), but the role of impoundment morphometry (e.g., surface area, depth) is unknown. Differences in population characteristics of gizzard shad were compared between large and small impoundments across an impoundment–productivity gradient (indexed by total phosphorus [TP] concentration). Populations shifted from those comprised mostly of low abundances (indexed by catch per unit effort [CPUE], fish/hr of electric fishing) of long‐lived, large adults to those comprised of high abundances of short‐lived, small adults as TP increased. However, the trends in population variables across the TP gradient were less apparent in small impoundments than in large impoundments owing to considerable variation at a given TP level. Further analysis revealed that CPUE of gizzard shad was lowest in the smallest impoundments (<33 ha surface area) regardless of TP concentrations, probably because of more frequent winter kills. Overall, population characteristics were influenced by both density‐dependent effects and impoundment characteristics. Characteristics of gizzard shad were highly variable among populations, which have important consequences for ecosystem structure and function.     

黑土洼潜流人工湿地净化水质效果总体分析

基于2004—2009年黑土洼人工湿地水质长期监测资料,对人工湿地整体系统以及潜流湿地中3个不同净化区的水质净化效果进行了总结分析,结果表明,各项水质去除率平均达到40%以上,水质由进水Ⅴ—劣Ⅴ类水质,达到出水水质Ⅲ—Ⅳ类,整体水质净化效果较为明显;人工湿地在常温期(6月1日—10月15日)的水质净化效果要优于过渡期(3月15日—6月1日)和低温期(10月15日—3月15日);在潜流人工湿地的3个净化区中,Ⅰ区水质净化效果最好,其次为Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区;此外,在潜流湿地单元中,一级植物碎石床净化水质,总体上达到总去除率的50%以上。     

Deforestation and its driving forces: a case study of Riam Kanan watershed,Indonesia

Some driving forces of deforestation were studied in a watershed area where subsistence farming is the main land-use activity. A dam, constructed in 1972 resulted in the translocation of many people. Remote-sensing images were used to analyse the spatial aspects of land-cover changes. The pattern and dispersion of the village distribution, human population distribution and their dynamics, socio-economic aspects, as well as government policy on land status as possible driving forces were examined. The spatial pattern of deforestation appeared to be related to the village distribution pattern. The low level of population dynamics explained only part of the deforestation process. The low level of affluence, low level of technology, and low level of education also contributed to the modest level of deforestation. As the formal land status as Protection Forest conflicted with the perceptions of the local population, this may explain the little success of reforestation in the study area. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

组件式环境管理信息系统开发与环境模型集成研究--以尼尔基库区环境管理信息系统为例

组件式（COM）技术已经成为当今软件技术的潮流之一,同时环境模型与地理信息系统（GIS）的集成极大地提高了系统的空间分析和决策能力。本文以Visual Basic6．0为开发语言．以Maplnfo公司提供的MAPX5．0为二次开发组件,在分析系统特点和功能的基础上．论述了尼尔基库区环境管理信息系统的设计和实现方式．并结合实例建立了环境模型与环境管理信息系统的集成方案。     

多维确定性动态规划双收敛新算法

在总结现有多维确定性动态规划计算方法利弊的基础上,提出一种新的优化计算方法,即双收敛算法。该算法应用于引滦工程系统(五水库)实时联合供水优化调度。实践证明:该算法从根本上克服了“维数灾”,适用于多水库(五库以上)发电及供水优化调度计算。