长单525玉米杂交种丰产性、稳产性及适应性分析

摘要: 根据2008～2009 年山西省春播特早熟玉米区域试验汇总资料, 采用主效应值、高稳系数、变异系数、标准差比数、回归系数等多种方法对长单525特早熟玉米杂交种进行了分析。结果表明: 该品种是一个丰产性好、稳定性强、适应性广, 适合在山西春播玉米特早熟区、太行太岳冷凉山区、中南部夏播区以及国内相应生态区域大面积生产应用的优良玉米杂交种。     

小麦新品种中育12号的丰产稳产性及产量结构分析

[目的]为小麦品种中育12的合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]利用河南省小麦良种区域试验数据资料,对中育12号,豫麦49和周麦18小麦品种的丰产性、稳产性、适应性及产量构成进行比较分析。[结果]中育12号丰产性突出,稳产性好,产量构成三要素协调。[结论]中育12小麦品种广泛适应于河南省种植,其产量水平在该区处于领先水平。     

Genetic improvement effects on yield stability in durum wheat genotypes grown in Italy

In durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) the improvement of yield stability represents an important component for agricultural progress worldwide. This work reports on the evaluation of the yield performance of 65 durum wheat genotypes (landraces, old and new cultivars with different years of release and advanced breeding lines), in a range of Italian environments to assess the changes in adaptation and yield stability achieved over the last century as results of the genetic improvement. The Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to capture a large portion of the Genotype × Environment interaction (GE) sum of squares and to separate main and interaction effects. The breeding strategies adopted during the last decades have contributed to reduce the interaction of genotypes with environments selecting genotypes with better stability across a wide range of locations and years and modern genotypes outperformed the old ones in all test environments with a strong adaptability to improved fertility. The old cultivars were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, showing an almost stable nominal yield in agreement with the concept of “biological” or “static” stability. In contrast, the modern cultivars were highly responsive to fertility improvements and showed a pronounced adaptation to high-input environments. Notably, within the group of modern cultivars two of them, Tiziana and Giusto, showed a high-yield stability in biological terms and a high nominal yield across the tested environments. Giusto and Tiziana were the best cultivars in terms of both nominal yield and minimal GE interaction, indicating that selecting for improved yield potential may increase yield in a wide range of environments.     

外源水杨酸对持续低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和细胞膜稳定性的影响

研究了外源水杨酸（SA）对持续低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和细胞膜稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,用适当浓度的SA预处理可显著提高黄瓜幼苗的株高、根长及地上、下部鲜干质量,显著提高幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量,显著降低叶片的MDA含量和电导率,提高持续低温胁迫下叶片细胞膜的稳定性,缓解低温胁迫造成的冷害。而高浓度的SA处理则具有相反的效应。浓度为2mmol／L的SA预处理对缓解黄瓜幼苗的冷害最有效。     

几种分析方法在玉米丰产与稳产性分析中的应用

应用高稳系数法、非参数统计法和稳定性参数法等分析方法与多点试验中常用的统计方法,对2005年四川省玉米区域试验平丘A4组试验结果进行综合评价和比较。结果表明,各种统计方法分析结果反映出的大致趋势相同,只是个别结果有所差异;应用高稳系数法或非参数统计与稳定性参数结合的方法能包含更多信息,使分析结果更具说服力。     

Genotypic variation for grain and stover yield of dryland (rabi) sorghum in India: 1. Magnitude of genotype × environment interactions

Grain and stover yield are key traits for the improvement of rabi sorghum varieties and hybrids in India. Large genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) were identified for both grain and stover yield based on 10 years’ data available from the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Program (AICSIP) experiments conducted from 1986/87 to 1996/97. From the estimates of the genotypic, GEI and residual components of variance for the four traits, a multi-environment testing strategy based on 15–20 locations, 2–3 years, and two replicates per trial would be required to achieve estimates of repeatability of approximately 0.70 for grain yield, 0.45 for stover yield, 0.70 for flowering time, and 0.85 for plant height.     

Cross-resistance, genetics and stability of resistance to deltamethrin in a population of Chrysoperla carnea from Multan, Pakistan

Broad-spectrum insecticides are still widely being used. Chrysoperla carnea has been shown to develop resistance to the insecticides in the field. Knowledge of the evolution and genetics of resistance to insecticides in natural enemies could enable to explain how effectively natural enemies can be implemented in different IPM systems. To examine this, a population of C. carnea from Multan Pakistan was collected and was subjected to deltamethrin selection in the laboratory. Bioassays at generation G₁ gave resistance ratios of 47, 86, 137, 76 and 110 for deltamethrin, alphamethrin lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos respectively compared with susceptible Lab-PK. Bioassays at G₄ with a deltamethrin-selected population (Delta-SEL) showed that selection gave resistance ratios of 896 and 30 for deltamethrin compared with the Lab-PK and UNSEL, respectively. Cross-resistance to other insecticides tested was observed in the selected population. A notable feature of the Delta-SEL strain was that resistance to deltamethrin, alphamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos did not decline over the course of four generations. Synergism tests with microsomal oxidase (MO) and esterase-specific inhibitors indicated that the deltamethrin resistance was associated with MO and, possibly, esterase activity. Reciprocal crosses between the Delta-SEL and Lab-PK strains indicated that resistance was autosomal and incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance suggested that resistance to deltamethrin was controlled by more than one locus. The broad spectrum of resistance, cross resistance, incompletely dominant mode of inheritance and stability of resistance to insecticides suggest that Delta-SEL population of C. carnea could be compatible with most spray programs.     

应用AMMI模型分析评判甘肃省春油菜区试品种的稳定性和适应性

利用AMMI模型及双标图对2007-2008年甘肃省春油菜区域试验的产量数据进行分析,评价各参试品种的稳定性和适应性。结果表明,属丰产、稳产、适应性广的优良品种(系)是绵杂04-20、秦杂油3号、杂油66,适宜推广种植。     

不同世代间大豆粒形相关QTL的稳定性分析

以东农46和L-100构建的重组自交系群体(RILs)为试验材料,利用2013和2014年分别在哈尔滨、呼兰、阿城3个地点共6个环境的数据对不同世代的遗传群体粒形进行单环境QTL分析及多环境联合检测。结果表明:单环境QTL分析中,检测到13个与粒形相关的QTL,位于第5、9、12、15及18连锁群上,其中粒长QTL 2个,表型变异贡献率为21.61%~26.81%;粒宽QTL 5个,表型变异贡献率为7.28%~18.38%;粒厚QTL 6个,表型变异贡献率为10.19%~18.44%。位于Sat_122~Satt052标记区间的QTL位点在粒长及粒厚中都被检测到,位于Sat_119~Satt588、Satt192~Satt568及Sat_401~Satt192标记区间QTL位点在粒宽及粒厚中同时被检测到,存在一因多效性。多环境联合分析中,共检测到15个与粒形相关的QTL。并且有9个QTL位点在单环境及多环境联合检测中均被检测到,表明这些QTL表达较为稳定。因此,本研究获得1个粒长QTL(Sat_122~Satt052)、1个粒宽QTL(Satt192~Satt568)及2个粒厚QTL(Satt192~Satt568,Sat_401~Satt192)为表现较好的稳定QTL。     

人参核桃复合乳饮料制备工艺研究

[目的]研究开发出一种新型人参核桃乳饮料。[方法]以人参、核桃为主要原料,通过感官评定和稳定性研究,对人参核桃乳饮料的风味配制、乳化稳定剂的选择进行了优化,通过试验确定了合适的工艺参数。[结果]人参水提取液的最佳添加量为20%,蔗糖添加量为6%;复合乳化剂选用单甘脂∶蔗糖酯(1∶2),其综合添加量为0.3%,酪蛋白酸钠添加量为0.4%,稳定剂为卡拉胶,添加量为0.1%;按此参数配制所得的核桃乳产品比较细腻,香气淳厚,风味怡人,稳定性好。[结论]该研究可为人参核桃乳饮料的开发提供参考。