光皮桦幼林生长节律的观察研究

光皮桦(Betuta luminifera H.Winkl)又称亮皮桦,系桦木科(Betulaceae)桦木属(Betula L)落叶乔木树种.木材呈淡黄或淡褐色,材质细致坚韧、切面光滑、不挠不裂,为优良的军工、航空、建筑、家具和室内装饰用材,也可用于造纸.     

对当前监理工作的几点思考

监理是建设工程不可缺少的一个环节，如何重视监理工作是亟待解决的一个问题。     

辽东楤木苗期生物学特性的研究

连续3年对辽东木的形态特征、物候期、生长习性、抗性及适应性等生物学、生态学特性进行了一系列观察。辽东木物候期受海拔影响较大,表现为海拔高度增加,展叶、开花、结果期推迟,落叶期提早。     

Nitrification and denitrification in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages in western Sichuan, China

Nitrification is the biological conversion of organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds from a reduced to a more oxidized state. Denitrification is generally referred to as the microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and further gaseous forms of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen. They are functionally interconnected processes in the soil nitrogen cycle that are involved in the control of long-term nitrogen losses in ecosystems through nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses. In order to better understand how nitrification and denitrification change during the process of ecosystem restoration and how they are affected by various controlling factors, gross nitrification rates and denitrification rates were determined using the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages. The results showed that forest restoration stage had no significant effects on gross nitrification rates or denitrification rates (One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the temperature coefficient (Q ₁₀) for gross nitrification rate among all the forest sites (One-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gross nitrification rates were positively correlated with water content (p < 0.05), but not with soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, or C/N ratios. Denitrification rates in all the forest soils were low and not closely correlated with water content, soil pH, organic matter, or total nitrogen. Nevertheless, we found that C/N ratios obviously affected denitrification rates (p < 0.05). Results from this research suggest that gross nitrification is more responsible for the nitrogen loss from soils compared with denitrification. Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 90–96 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

生态状况内在判断指标体系研究

生态状况内在判断指标是反映生态状况自身变化情况的指标.生态状况处于何种阶段的判断指标,需要从层次性、系统性、现实性、重要性4个方面来考虑.综合考虑包括森林生态状况、土地荒漠化和沙化状况、水土流失状况、生物多样性状况、湿地生态状况、草原生态状况、农田生态状况、城市生态状况等8项指标,8项指标又可以细化为各自的分项指标.通过应用生态综合指数法对生态状况进行分析和综合评估,得出我国生态状况处于治理与破坏相持阶段这一重要结论.     

固体水释水规律及其特性的研究

固体水是一种集微生物、化学技术为一体的生态环保产品。当固体水与植物根系接触 ,在土壤微生物的作用下 ,逐渐降解释水 ,被植物根系吸收 ,可长期地为植物生长提供水分。本文以油松和侧柏为供试树种 ,研究了固体水的释水规律及影响固体水释放的因素 ,得出了固体水的释水总量、释水速率、日释水高度及固体水的释水量与其接触土壤面积的关系。     

把握生态建设相持阶段规律搞好新时期三北工程建设--关于"十一五"三北防护林工程建设的思考和建议

整个三北工程分3个阶段,8期工程,需73年完成,目前工程已实施了近30年。需要对三北工程地位进行再认识,并注意工程的协调发展、总结继承与开拓创新、工程建设的机制创新、科技支撑作用的发挥和生态产业的发展等问题。用可持续发展的思想和科学的发展观分析了未来一个时期的工作思路,并提出了相应建议。     

林地覆盖经营对雷竹林土壤氮素形态及硝化-反硝化作用的影响

为探讨林地覆盖经营对雷竹林土壤氮素形态和硝化作用、反硝化作用的影响,选择了覆盖11、3、5 a和不覆盖(CK)4种处理的雷竹林,测定0 20 cm土层土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,并采用气压过程分离系统(BaPS)测定土壤总硝化速率和反硝化速率。结果表明:随着覆盖年限的增加,试验雷竹林0 20 cm土层土壤全氮含量总体呈增加趋势,覆盖雷竹林全氮含量显著高于CK;土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量均呈倒"N"型变化,覆盖3 a雷竹林的铵态氮和硝态氮含量最高;土壤铵硝比递增,覆盖3 a后显著提高,覆盖5 a后铵态氮是雷竹林土壤无机氮库的主要存在形式;土壤总硝化速率呈下降趋势,总体上与不同形态氮素含量、铵硝比相关性不显著,且相关性强度随覆盖经营年限的增加而减弱。土壤反硝化速率在覆盖3 a及以下年限时基本为0,覆盖5 a时显著提高,达69.53 μg·kg^-1·h^-1。研究表明,林地覆盖经营对雷竹林土壤氮素形态及组分比例的影响较明显,削弱了土壤硝化作用,土壤氮素不是限制硝化作用进行的主要因子,长期覆盖经营会显著提高土壤反硝化作用,增大土壤氮素的损失。在实际生产中建议采用休闲式覆盖方式,连续覆盖时间不超过3 a。     

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from swine wastewater treatment in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from swine wastewater treatment was demonstrated in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers (CF reactor). The CF reactor had a demonstrated advantage in mitigating N₂O emission and avoiding NOx (NO₃ + NO₂) accumulation. The N₂O emission factor was 0.0003 g N₂O‐N/gTN‐load in the CF bioreactor compared to 0.03 gN₂O‐N/gTN‐load in an activated sludge reactor (AS reactor). N₂O and CH₄ emissions from the CF reactor were 42 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day, while those from the AS reactor were 725 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the CF reactor removed an average of 156 mg/L of the NH₄‐N, and accumulated an average of 14 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. In contrast, the DIN in the AS reactor removed an average 144 mg/L of the NH₄‐N and accumulated an average 183 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. NO₂‐N was almost undetectable in both reactors.