长江流域近期水沙变化趋势及成因分析

采用双累积曲线法分析了2000—2013年长江流域7大水文站水沙变化关系,基于Mann-kendall检验法和Yamamoto突变检验法研究水沙变化趋势和突变年份。结果表明,屏山、朱沱和寸滩站的双累积曲线较为顺直。宜昌、沙市、汉口和大通站则均在2005年发生转折,斜率减小,输沙量大幅减小;长江干流径流量的变化趋势较为平稳,发生突变的现象少,仅屏山站于2001—2002和2005—2006年发生突变,而输沙量的变化趋势则较为明显,常发生强突变现象,且宜昌、沙市、汉口和大通站均无虚假点出现;造成长江干流2000年以来输沙量显著减小的主要原因是三峡水库的蓄水运用和水土保持工作的持续开展,而降雨量下降是导致径流量减小的因素之一。     

Factors influencing recruitment patterns of Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua oriens) within a hydrologically variable and regulated Australian tropical river system

Abstract – The links between river flows, water temperature, river regulation and recruitment variability of Golden Perch, Macquaria ambigua oriens, were investigated from the Fitzroy Basin, Queensland. The dominant age classes determined by interpreting growth marks observed in otoliths were variable among rivers. Positive correlations between the age frequency and monthly river flow volumes were greatest in summer (December–March) conversely, autumn, winter and spring river flows correlated poorly for most rivers. Water temperature exhibits strong seasonality across the basin with mean monthly temperatures >23 °C generally occurring between October and April. These data indicate the combination of water temperature and increased river flows are important factors for recruitment. The degree of river regulation is also suspected of contributing to increased variability in dominant age classes within rivers. This assessment highlights the importance of timing of river flows in mitigating the negative effects of river regulation on golden perch populations.     

河西内陆河流域生态问题及其保护对策

概述了近代河西内陆河流域生态研究成果、流域构成特点和河西地区环境状况,分析了河西内陆河流域存在的生态问题,并从节水农业和水权制度改革、城镇化建设、植被保护、生态用水管理、环境污染的治理等5个方面提出了生态保护对策。     

成都市府南河工程草坪建植与管理的研究

成都市府南河改造工程是以环保绿化为中心的全面市政改造工程，绿地以草坪为主。根据成都的自然条件和对草坪的质量要求，选择改良的高羊茅（ＦｅｓｔｕｃａａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅａＳｃｈｒｅｂ．）为建群种，草地早熟禾（ＰｏａｐｒａｔｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）为伴生种，混播建植。注重修剪、除杂、防病虫、施肥等日常管理，并提出了加强管理的几点建议。     

Continuity and discontinuity of the riparian vegetation along a fluvial corridor

The concept of continuity/discontinuity is applied to the riparian vegetation of the corridor of the River Adour (S.W. France), in order to precisely define longitudinal structure, and to test the degree of floristic continuity of the fluvial axis. The measure of floristic connectance along the river course is based on presence/absence data, and is applied to successive stretches of the river, at various resolution levels. This analysis shows that the River Adour corridor cannot be assumed to be floristically continuous. The observed discontinuities may correspond to two types of change in the riparian vegetation: zones of slow change (high level of floristic connectance) or zones of sharp change (low level of floristic connectance).     

Trophic structure of fish assemblages from Mamoré River floodplain lakes (Bolivia)

Abstract –  The fish assemblage of the floodplain of the Mamoré River (Bolivia) was estimated in eight lakes, corresponding to four habitat types, situated on an environmental gradient related to the river distance: lakes situated near the river, in the forested floodplain, at the floodplain edge and lakes isolated in the savanna. This paper documents the diet of 71 fish species (among the 140 recorded) and compares the taxonomic and trophic structure of fish assemblages between four lake types. The diet analysis was conducted to determine five trophic guilds: algivores/iliophages, herbivores, zooplanktivores, invertivores and piscivores. The taxonomic and trophic structures of the fish assemblages were not similar in the different lake types of the Mamoré River. The trophic structure of assemblages showed a coarse pattern of dominance of algivores/iliophages and invertivores, but different situations were observed in relative abundance of the trophic groups in relation to the spatial position of the lakes (except for piscivores). Lakes close to the river appeared more favourable to the microphages (algivores/iliophages, zooplanktivores) although remote lakes appeared more favourable to the macrophages (invertivores, herbivores). These results support the general idea that fish distribution follows a pattern linked to the ecology of the species, and related to environmental characteristics of the lakes.     

川西干旱河谷林草植被建设科学考察报告

阐述了川西干旱河谷现有治理状况 ,存在问题 ,提出了治理该区的措施和发展农业经济的建议。     

Analysis on Effects of Constructions Building nearby the River Bank or across the River on Navigation Conditions

In this paper, the effects of construction nearby the river or across the river are analyzed on navigation conditions, such as navigation scales, navigation flow conditions, navigation way, navigation method and navigation aids. Some safety measures during its construction are presented.     

长江流域生态修复工程的意义及对策

长江流域幅员辽阔 ,自然条件优越 ,水土保持生态建设已引起全社会各界的高度重视。充分发挥生态的修复能力 ,大面积迅速恢复植被和改善生态系统 ,正是顺应时代要求 ,从根本上解决长江流域水土流失防治步伐缓慢这一重大问题的最为有效途径。长江流域大部分地区雨量充沛 ,气候温和 ,植被类型繁多 ,大部分地区植物可全年生长 ,十分有利于植物的繁衍和生态的自我修复。多年的实践表明 ,发挥生态自我修复能力的主要对策是全面规划 ,采取科学的退耕还林、还草 ,实行封禁治理 ,合理解决好农村燃料、饲料和木材等问题 ,积极营造适应生态修复的外部环境和条件     

三种网格的农田防护林防止土壤风蚀的效应研究

在山东省夏津县黄河故道冲积沙地建立土壤风蚀试验区,采用标尺法对3种网格的农田防护林和对照地的土壤风蚀量进行观测,测定结果表明:农田防护林网可明显减少风蚀损失,其中,130m×300m林网相对于对照减少土壤风蚀量81%,260m×300m林网相对于对照减少78%,300m×400m林网相对于对照减少75%,即随着网格面积的增加对风蚀量的影响越来越小。同时,土壤风蚀程度与测定期间日平均风速>4 m/s的出现频率有密切关系,土壤风蚀量与风速之间的最佳拟合关系为幂函数关系,二者之间呈正相关关系,相关系数在0.95以上。黄河故道冲积沙地农田防护林网对5.0~5.9 m/s范围内的风速引起的土壤风蚀防治效果最好。