Analysis of photoperiod sensitivity within a collection of tropical maize populations

We analyzed the variability of a large maize (Zea mays L.) collection of152 tropical populations for photoperiod sensitivity and grain productivityunder long-day conditions to investigate their potential adaptation to temperateconditions. A multilocal experimental design was used: one location withshort-day conditions (Guadeloupe), one location with medium-day conditions (latesowing in the south of France) and two locations with long-day conditions (earlysowing in both the North and South of France). The photoperiod sensitivity wasestimated by the slope of the regression of thermal time from sowing to 50%anthesis on photoperiod. We found highly significant effects of latitude andaltitude of the collecting site of the population on photoperiod sensitivity anda significant but small interaction between these two factors. Populationsoriginated from low altitudes and low latitudes are highly sensitive tophotoperiod, whereas highland populations never display a high photoperiodsensitivity, whatever the latitude of origin. Grain productivity under long-dayconditions was not highly correlated with photoperiod sensitivity. Andeanpopulations were little sensitive to photoperiod and exhibited poor grainproduction under long-day conditions. In contrast, some populations from theCaribbean such as populations from Cuban Flint and Early Caribbean racesexhibited a good grain production although sensitive to photoperiod. The goodadaptation of some Caribbean material to temperate conditions is consistent withthe hypothesis of the successful introduction of Caribbean germplasm in southernregions of the Old World.     

热带玉米光周期敏感相关性状的遗传分析

 采用 6个世代平均值分析方法 ,对抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期、株高、穗位高等光周期敏感的相关性状进行了遗传比较研究。结果表明 ,钝感×钝感组合 5个性状加性基因效应的贡献占总遗传变异的 11.3%～ 5 3.6 % ,显性效应贡献占 36 .0 %～ 78.6 % ,上位性效应占 5 .5 %～ 2 7.0 % ,说明显性效应大于加性效应 ,上位性效应普遍存在 ;而钝感×敏感组合 5个性状的加性基因效应的贡献为 6 6 .9%～ 84 .5 % ,显性贡献为 11.6 %～ 30 .7% ,上位性贡献为 1.4 %～ 5 .2 % ,说明加性效应占主导地位 ,显性和上位性效应作用显著降低 ,但不同钝感×敏感的敏感组合之间存在一定差异。温带遗传成分在钝感×敏感杂种后代中所占的比重 ,对减弱光周期敏感反应具有一定的剂量效应。含有 2 5 %热带成分的BC1敏感性状最弱 ,利用价值较大。     

培矮64S的主效不育基因的光敏不育特性研究

 培矮 64S是由光敏核不育水稻农垦 5 8S作不育基因供体转育而成的 ,但其育性表现为较强的温度敏感性。从培矮 64S与常规稻品种农垦 5 8杂交后代 F2 中获得了典型的光敏雄性不育株 ,其可育株与不育株比例为 3∶ 1;证明控制培矮 64S育性的主效基因仍属光敏核不育基因。笔者在分析后认为 ,光敏核不育基因的高效表达对其所在的遗传背景有高度依赖性 ,在光敏核不育系选育中 ,在注重获得主效光敏不育基因的同时 ,还要注重对其高效表达的遗传背景的选择与改造。在利用克隆的光敏核不育基因进行分子育种时也要高度重视对转基因亲本遗传背景的选择     

水稻光周期诱导质变在茎蘖间传导的研究——Ⅰ.植株部分短日处理和两段抽穗试验

本研究结果表明:水稻光周期诱导质变在主茎与分蘖间及分蘖之间均不能够互相传导;造成两段抽穗现象的原因,初步认为是由两批穗的穗分化始期的差异所致,而与幼穗分化进度无关。     

Seasonal timing of floral initiation in strawberry: Effects of cultivar and geographic location

It was previously shown that nitrogen fertilization immediately after commencement of SD exposure enhanced the floral induction effect of SD in June-bearing strawberries (Sønsteby et al., 2009). In order to optimize the timing of such fertilization under field conditions, seasonal timing of floral initiation in the strawberry cultivars ‘Frida’, ‘Polka’, ‘Korona’ and Florence’ was studied in the field at five contrasting latitudinal and altitudinal geographic locations in Norway and, for comparison, under controlled environment conditions with 12 h photoperiod and temperatures ranging from 9 to 18 °C. Serial collections and dissections of crowns from the various locations revealed that floral initiation was successively delayed with increasing latitude and altitude of the location, and with decreasing temperature under controlled environment conditions. Both in the field and in the phytotron, floral initiation was earliest in ‘Frida’ closely followed by ‘Polka’ and in due course by ‘Korona’ and finally ‘Florence’ which was particularly slow to respond. Floral initiation in the phytotron was progressively advanced with increasing temperature and was optimal at 15–18 °C. Flowering time in the field was mainly determined by thermal relations in the spring and early summer, and accordingly, it was strongly delayed with increasing latitude and altitude of the location. In addition, late floral initiation in autumn also delayed flowering in the spring. Based on these observations, optimal timing of autumn fertilization for the various locations and cultivars are suggested.     

大豆开花后阶段对开花前不同光照处理的反应

试验研究了开花前不同光照处理对大豆开花后的发育、产是必品质性状的影响。结果表明，对于供试的早熟品种来说，开花前短日处理促进成熟的作用远大于对开花的促进，地农艺性状的影响大于对发育进程的促进。前期短日处理使大豆蛋白质、脂肪含量和油酸的比例上升，而使亚油酸的比例下降。文中讨论了开花前光照后效应的作用方式和可能的机制。     

Seasonal effects on birth weight of lambs born to prolific ewes maintained under intensive management

Seasonal effects on birth weight (BWT) of lambs were studied in a prolific Assaf flock maintained under intensive management conditions with birth records of 7775 lambs distributed across all months in a period of 11 years. The average BWT was 4.21 kg. Month of the year had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on BWT, with the highest average BWT in April (4.6 kg) and the lowest average BWT in September (3.8 kg). The seasonal effect was noted for single lambs and lambs born in litters of 2 to 4 lambs. Gestation length, day length, rate of change in day length and heat load had significant (P < 0.001) effects on BWT. Day length during the early stage of gestation was inversely related to BWT while rate of changes in day length during the latter stages of gestation were directly associated with BWT.     

环境温度和光周期对枣尺蛾求偶行为的影响

本文研究了环境温度和光周期对枣尺蛾 (ChihuozaoYang)成虫求偶行为的影响。结果表明 :在自然条件下 ,雌蛾在羽化第一天即可求偶 ,3～ 5d求偶率最高 ,从第 6d起则明显下降 ,求偶高峰期处于 2 2∶0 0～ 2 3∶0 0 ,光照和温度对成虫的求偶行为有明显的影响。温度越低 ,求偶高峰期明显提前 ,持续时间也相应延长 ,连续黑暗和连续光照下成虫求偶行为均变得不活泼且无规律     

夜间断对苎麻开花的抑制效应

用白炽灯光间断夜间黑暗(夜间断),抑制了苎麻三麻开花,使其恢复营养生长,开花抑制的程度与苎麻所接受的夜间断光能相关,赤霉素可以减少雄花,使麻株增高,赤霉素结合夜间断处理,既可以完全抑制开花,又可使麻株增高,抑制苎麻开花使苎麻产量和质量都有明显改善,对第二年头麻产量也有良好影响。     

大豆GmNF-YC2基因的克隆与功能分析

NF-Y (nuclear factor-y)是真核生物中普遍存在的一种转录因子复合物, 是由3个不同的亚基(A, B, C)组成, 并通过作用于其他调控因子的启动子来调节目的基因的表达。本文从大豆KN18中克隆大豆NF-YC基因GmNF-YC2, 并且利用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)分析其表达模式, 发现GmNF-YC2的表达受光调控, 并在开花期第3复叶中表达量最高。结果表明, GmNF-YC2在大豆光周期开花调节中起重要作用。拟南芥原生质体瞬时表达实验证实, GmNF-YC2蛋白定位在细胞核中。这为大豆NF-YC家族基因的功能研究提供重要依据。